What is the first step in the data science process?

• Data Collection

• Data Cleaning

• Data Visualization

• Model Evaluation

Which of the following is an example of supervised learning?

• K-Means Clustering

• Linear Regression

• PCA (Principal Component Analysis)

• Association Rule Mining

In data science, 'feature scaling' is necessary for which type of algorithms?

• Tree-based algorithms

• Distance-based algorithms

• Rule-based algorithms

• All of the above

Which of the following is not a commonly used metric for classification problems?

• Precision

• Recall

• Mean Absolute Error

• F1-Score

What is the purpose of cross-validation in machine learning?

• Reducing data dimensionality

• Estimating model performance on unseen data

• Visualizing data distribution

• Reducing overfitting of the training data

What is the main advantage of using ensemble methods?

• Faster computation time

• Reduced training dataset size

• Increased model interpretability

• Improved model accuracy

Which measure of central tendency is least affected by outliers?

• Mean

• Median

• Mode

• Variance

Which distribution is typically used for modeling count data?

• Poisson distribution

• Normal distribution

• Uniform distribution

• Exponential distribution

In hypothesis testing, what does a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicate?

• The null hypothesis is accepted

• The alternative hypothesis is rejected

• There is weak evidence against the null hypothesis

• The null hypothesis is rejected

The correlation coefficient ranges between:

• 0 to 1

• -1 to 0

• -1 to 1

• 0 to ∞