Topic 4.11 - An Age of Reform

Match the reformer with the movement they were associated with

• Frederick Douglass

• Women's suffrage

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• The Temperance Movement

• Dorothea Dix

• Prison and Asylum Reform

• Lyman Beecher

• The Common Schools movement

• Horace Mann

• Abolitionism

The Common Schools Movement was inspired by which of the following (multiple answers)

• Perfectionism

• The Market Revolution and urbanization

• The Enlightenment

• The Second Great Awakening

Answer explanation

The Common Schools Movement was influenced by Perfectionism's ideals of societal improvement, the Market Revolution and urbanization's need for educated citizens, and the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and knowledge.

Hundreds of utopian communities were established in the U.S. during the early 1800s. Some were based on religious ideas and others were based on secular ideas such as socialism or transcendentalism. Which communities were more successful/enduring and why?

Answer explanation

Religious communities, like the Shakers and Mormons, tended to be more successful due to strong social cohesion, shared beliefs, and effective leadership, which helped them endure over time compared to more fragmented secular groups.

Who were some of the prominent African American leaders in the abolitionist movement? More than one correct answer.

• The Grimké sisters

• William Lloyd Garrison

• Frederick Douglass

• Sojourner Truth

Answer explanation

Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth were key African American leaders in the abolitionist movement, advocating for the end of slavery through powerful speeches and writings, while the Grimké sisters and William Lloyd Garrison were not African American.

Compare the similarities and differences of Republican Motherhood and the Seneca Falls Convention by matching them in the correct categories.

Groups:

(a) Seneca Falls Convention

,

(b) Republican Motherhood

,

(c) Similarities

• Encouraged direct political participation by women

• Challenged previously existing gender norms

• A philosophical idea

• Inspired by the Enlightenment

• Emphasized the domestic sphere

• An organized movement

• Demanded women's suffrage
• Began after the Revolution

• Promoted education for women

• Fostered a sense of nationalism

• Emerged in the late-mid 1800s

• Focused on educating male citizens

• Gave women a role in the public sphere

The Second Great Awakening led to the emergence of new​ (a)   and communities such as the​ (b)   and the​ (c)   , who eventually settled in Utah.

• religious denominations
• Shakers
• Mormons
• political parties
• social clubs
• art movements
• transcendentalists
• Brook Farm
• socialists

Organizations such as the Daughters of Temperance, the American Bible Society, and the American Anti-Slavery Society were examples of

• labor unions

• political parties

• voluntary associations

• religious denominations

Social reformers from the early 1800s tended to be dominated by members of the __________.

• middle class

• laboring classes

• wealthy elites

• immigrant community

Answer explanation

Social reformers in the early 1800s were primarily from the middle class, as they had the education and resources to advocate for social changes, unlike the laboring classes or wealthy elites who had different interests.