Syntax

1. What is generative grammar?

• A set of rules that only describes existing sentences in a language

  
  

• A finite set of rules that can generate an infinite number of well-formed sentences

  
  

•  A type of grammar that focuses solely on sentence meanings rather than structure

  
  

What is surface structure in linguistics?

• The underlying, abstract meaning of a sentence that is not directly visible

• The simplified structure of a sentence without any complex grammatical elements

• The outward form or arrangement of words in a sentence

What is deep structure in linguistics?

• The underlying representation that conveys the core meaning of a sentence

• The actual syntactic form of a sentence as it is expressed in speech or writing

• The representation of a sentence that shows its grammatical rules and word order

Which of the following is an example of structural ambiguity?

• "She read the book quickly."

• "The cat chased the mouse."

• "The man saw the woman with a telescope."

What does recursion in syntax allow us to do?

• Create sentences that are always grammatically correct.

• Embed structures within similar structures to create infinitely long sentences.

• Form sentences that include multiple main clauses.

In syntax, what is the role of a “complementizer” ?

• To connect two independent clauses in a sentence.

• To introduce a complement clause within a sentence.

• To modify nouns by providing additional information.

Which of the following expressions would be generated by this phrase structure rule: NP → {Art (Adj) N, Pro, PN}?

• a cat

• Anna

• the pretty girl

• his

Which of these sentences would result from applying the rule: NP Aux VP ⇒ Aux NP VP?

• Will you help me to finish this task?

• Anne can swim.

• Should I ask for a raise?

• War broke out between the two countries after a border dispute.

Which rules are used to specify words when rewriting constituents?

• Movement rules

• Phrase structure rules

• Lexical rules

In a syntactic tree diagram, what is the main purpose of dividing a sentence into constituents like NP and VP?

• To identify the meaning of each word in a sentence

• To explicitly show the hierarchical structure of the sentence

• To provide a list of possible synonyms for each word

• To rearrange the sentence into alphabetical order