Blood glucose levels are controlled by insulin and glucagon, which are hormones that travel through the bloodstream to eventually trigger a response in distant cells within the body. The control of blood glucose levels, as described, is an example of which type of cell signaling?

• Autocrine signaling

• Paracrine signaling

• Endocrine signaling

• Direct contact signaling

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which step of the cell signaling pathway protects the cell from overreacting and also allows the cell to respond to other signaling molecules?

• Termination

• Transduction

• Reception

• Response

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Why is it that the same signal can have different effects on different cells?

• The cells contain different sequences of DNA for receptors

• The cells express different genes, which causes them to express different receptor proteins

• The cells differ in chromosome number

• None of the above, the same signal has the same effect on all cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following is true of ligands that bind to an intracellular receptor?

• The ligand binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane

• The ligand is a polar molecule

• The ligand binds to a receptor inside the cell

• The ligand is a hydrophilic molecule

Calcium ions are involved in synaptic signaling between neurons. What type of receptor would be utilized in this scenario?

• Ion channel

• Receptor kinase

• Intracellular receptor

• G protein-coupled receptor

A T-cell passes a signal to a nearby cell that is physically touching it. What type of cell signaling is this?

• Paracrine signaling

• Autocrine signaling

• Endocrine signaling

• Direct contact

In a cell signaling pathway, a protein has been activated by adding a phosphate group. What enzyme was used during the process of adding a phosphate group?

• Phosphatase

• Transferase

• Ligase

• Kinase

The signaling molecules of endocrine signaling are _______.

• Ions

• Hormones

• Neurotransmitters

• Kinases

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

If a ligand binds to a receptor inside a cell, what must be a characteristic of this ligand?

• Polar

• Ionic

• Hydrophilic

• Hydrophobic

Which of the following is true?

• DNA contains a phosphate group

• DNA is a single stranded molecule

• The nucleotides found in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

• The sugar of a DNA molecule has 2 hydroxyl groups