Energy and Motion

How does energy cause an object to move?

• By increasing its temperature

• By changing its color

• By applying a force

• By making it heavier

Answer explanation

Energy causes an object to move by applying a force. When a force is exerted on an object, it can change the object's state of motion, leading to movement. The other options do not directly result in movement.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

When a ball is thrown, potential energy transforms into kinetic energy as:

• The ball changes color

• The ball gains height

• The ball starts moving

• The ball becomes heavier

Answer explanation

When a ball is thrown, potential energy converts to kinetic energy as it starts moving. This movement is the result of the energy transformation, making 'The ball starts moving' the correct choice.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What factors affect the amount of energy an object in motion has?

• Its color and shape

• Its speed and mass

• Its temperature and size

• Its height and width

Answer explanation

The energy of an object in motion, known as kinetic energy, is determined by its speed and mass. The formula for kinetic energy is KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is speed, highlighting their critical roles.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

How does friction affect the movement of an object?

• It speeds up the object

• It changes the object's color

• It slows down the object

• It makes the object heavier

Answer explanation

Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object. It acts in the opposite direction to the movement, causing the object to slow down. Therefore, the correct answer is that friction slows down the object.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Give an example of a situation where mechanical energy is transferred from one object to another.

• A book sitting on a table

• A car parked in a garage

• A bat hitting a baseball

• A tree growing in a forest

Answer explanation

A bat hitting a baseball is a clear example of mechanical energy transfer. The bat applies force to the baseball, transferring kinetic energy from the bat to the ball, causing it to move.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What happens to potential energy when you throw a ball?

• It disappears

• It changes into kinetic energy

• It stays the same

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which factor does NOT affect kinetic energy?

• Speed

• Mass

• Color

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1