What are VLANs and how do they function in a network?

Answer explanation

VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) segment a physical network into multiple logical networks, improving security and reducing broadcast traffic. They allow devices on different VLANs to communicate as if they are on the same network.

How does Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevent loops in a switched network?

Answer explanation

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents loops by creating a loop-free logical topology. It identifies and disables redundant paths, allowing only one active path between any two network devices, thus eliminating the possibility of broadcast storms.

Explain link aggregation with EtherChannel.

Answer explanation

Link aggregation using EtherChannel combines multiple physical links into a single logical link, increasing bandwidth and providing redundancy. It uses protocols like LACP to manage the links and ensure load balancing.

Summarize the role of Router on a Stick and InterVLAN routing in enabling communication between VLANs.

Answer explanation

Router on a Stick enables InterVLAN routing by using a single physical interface to route traffic between multiple VLANs. It encapsulates VLAN traffic using 802.1Q tagging, allowing seamless communication across VLANs.

Evaluate the effectiveness of InterVLAN routing methods in different network scenarios.

Answer explanation

InterVLAN routing methods like Router-on-a-Stick are effective for small networks due to cost efficiency, while Layer 3 switches excel in larger environments for speed and scalability. Choose based on network size and performance needs.

What is the purpose of Switches in a network?

Answer explanation

Switches connect devices in a network, allowing them to communicate efficiently. They receive data packets and forward them to the correct destination based on MAC addresses, reducing collisions and improving overall network performance.

What happens when a switch knows the destination MAC address?

Answer explanation

When a switch knows the destination MAC address, it forwards the data frame directly to the specific port associated with that MAC address, improving network efficiency by reducing unnecessary traffic.

What is the MAC address table for?

Answer explanation

The MAC address table, also known as the content addressable memory (CAM) table, is used by switches to map MAC addresses to specific ports, enabling efficient data packet forwarding within a local area network.

What does a switch do with a data frame that has an unknown destination MAC address?

Answer explanation

When a switch receives a data frame with an unknown destination MAC address, it floods the frame to all ports except the one it was received on. This allows the frame to reach the intended recipient if they are connected to the network.

What are the differences between router interfaces and switch interfaces?

Answer explanation

Router interfaces connect different networks and can perform routing functions, while switch interfaces connect devices within the same network and primarily handle data switching. This fundamental difference defines their roles in networking.