Exploring Syntax and Structure

What is the deep structure of the sentence: 'The cat chased the mouse'?

• (Agent: the cat, Action: chased, Patient: the mouse)

• (Agent: the cat, Action: caught, Patient: the mouse)

• (Agent: the cat, Action: chased, Patient: the dog)

• (Agent: the mouse, Action: chased, Patient: the cat)

Analyze the surface structure of the phrase: 'Running quickly, the dog barked loudly.'

• The phrase contains no modifiers or clauses.

• The surface structure includes a participial phrase modifying the subject and a main clause.

• The surface structure consists of a simple sentence only.

• The main clause is 'the dog barked quickly.'

Differentiate the syntactic functions of the words in the sentence: 'She gave him a book.'

• Subject: She, Verb: gave, Indirect Object: him, Direct Object: a book.

• Subject: gave, Verb: She, Indirect Object: a book, Direct Object: him.

• Subject: him, Verb: gave, Indirect Object: a book, Direct Object: She.

• Subject: a book, Verb: gave, Indirect Object: She, Direct Object: him.

Construct the constituent structure for the sentence: 'The teacher explained the lesson to the students.'

• (S (NP The lesson) (VP explained (NP the teacher) (PP to (NP the students))))

• (S (NP The teacher) (VP explained (NP the lesson) (PP to (NP the students))))

• (S (NP The students) (VP explained (NP the lesson) (PP to (NP the teacher))))

• (S (NP The teacher) (VP explained (PP to (NP the students)) (NP the lesson)))

Interpret the grammatical relationships in the sentence: 'The boy who cried wolf was ignored.'

• 'Who cried wolf' is the subject, 'the boy' is the predicate, and 'was ignored' is a modifying clause.

• The boy is the subject, 'who cried wolf' is a modifying clause, and 'was ignored' is the predicate.

• 'The boy who cried wolf' is the subject, and 'was ignored' is the entire predicate.

• The boy is the object, 'who cried wolf' is the subject, and 'was ignored' is the modifying clause.

Evaluate the complexity of the sentence: 'Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk in the park.'

• The sentence is complex.

• The sentence is a fragment.

• The sentence is simple.

• The sentence is compound.

Identify the deep structure of the question: 'Did she see the movie yesterday?'

• Was the movie seen by her yesterday?

• Did she see the movie yesterday?

• Has she watched the movie yesterday?

• Did she enjoy the movie yesterday?

Analyze the surface structure of the statement: 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.'

• The sentence is a pangram that contains all the letters of the English alphabet.

• The sentence is a metaphor for speed.

• The sentence is a question about a fox.

• The sentence describes a lazy dog.

Differentiate the syntactic functions in the sentence: 'The committee elected John as the president.'

• Subject: 'The committee', Verb: 'John', Direct Object: 'as', Complement: 'the president'.

• Subject: 'The committee', Verb: 'elected', Direct Object: 'John', Complement: 'as the president'.

• Subject: 'John', Verb: 'as', Direct Object: 'the president', Complement: 'elected'.

• Subject: 'the president', Verb: 'elected', Direct Object: 'the committee', Complement: 'John'.

Construct the constituent structure for the phrase: 'A beautiful painting hung on the wall.'

• (S (NP (Det A) (Adj beautiful) (N painting)) (VP (V hung) (PP (P on) (NP (Det the) (N wall)))))

• (S (NP (Det A) (Adj beautiful) (N painting)) (VP (V hung) (NP (Det the) (N wall))))

• (S (NP (Det A) (N painting)) (VP (V hung) (PP (P on) (NP (Det the) (Adj beautiful) (N wall)))))

• (S (NP (Det A) (Adj beautiful) (N painting)) (VP (V hung) (PP (P in) (NP (Det the) (N wall)))))