THE NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY

What is the primary focus of psychology as a science?

• Human behavior
• Psychological health
• Brain functions
• Emotions and thoughts

Answer explanation

Psychology studies behavior and mental processes.

Who established the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879?

• Wilhelm Wundt
• Sigmund Freud
• Carl Jung
• John Watson

Answer explanation

Wundt is known as the "father of experimental psychology."

Which of these concepts are key to behavioral psychology?

• Observational learning
• Emotions
• Biological responses
• Reinforcement
• Punishment

Answer explanation

Behavioral psychology focuses on observable actions and learned behaviors.

Fill in the blank: Sigmund Freud’s theory emphasizes the impact of the ___________ on behavior and personality.

Answer explanation

Freud's psychodynamic theory is centered on unconscious factors.

Explain the "nature vs. nurture" debate in psychology.

Answer explanation

This debate discusses the influence of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on behavior.

Which of these perspectives focuses on the biological basis of behavior?

• Biological psychology
• Humanistic psychology
• Social psychology
• Gestalt psychology

Answer explanation

Biological psychology emphasizes physical and biological bases of behavior.

Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?

• Carl Jung
• Sigmund Freud
• John Watson
• B.F. Skinner

Answer explanation

Freud developed psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious mind.

Select the basic goals of psychology.

• Describe
• Predict
• Hypothesize
• Control
• Improve

Answer explanation

Psychology aims to describe, predict, control, and improve behavior.

Fill in the blank: ___________ psychology focuses on mental processes such as memory and decision-making.

Answer explanation

Cognitive psychology studies internal processes like memory and problem-solving.

Describe the role of ethics in psychological research.

Answer explanation

Ethics in psychology ensure participant welfare and responsible research practices.