Energy and Energy Transfer AAC

A ball is placed at the top of a hill. Describe the type of energy it possesses and explain how this energy might change as the ball rolls down the hill.

• The ball has kinetic energy, which will increase as it rolls down the hill.

• The ball has gravitational potential energy, which will convert to kinetic energy as it rolls down the hill.

• The ball has elastic energy, which will remain constant as it rolls down the hill.

• The ball has chemical energy, which will convert to nuclear energy as it rolls down the hill.

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A compressed spring is released, and it pushes a toy car forward. Explain the energy transformation that occurs in this scenario.

• Elastic energy is transformed into gravitational energy.

• Elastic energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

• Chemical energy is transformed into nuclear energy.

• Gravitational energy is transformed into light energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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Consider a rollercoaster at the top of a hill. Predict what happens to its energy as it descends and reaches the bottom.

• Its potential energy increases, and kinetic energy decreases.

• Its potential energy decreases, and kinetic energy increases.

• Its chemical energy increases, and nuclear energy decreases.

• Its elastic energy increases, and gravitational energy decreases.

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A bow is drawn back and then released to shoot an arrow. Analyze the energy changes that occur from the moment the bow is drawn to when the arrow is in motion.

• Elastic energy is converted to gravitational energy.

• Elastic energy is converted to kinetic energy.

• Chemical energy is converted to nuclear energy.

• Gravitational energy is converted to light energy.

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A battery powers a flashlight. Discuss the energy transformation that takes place in this process.

• Chemical energy is transformed into light energy.

• Nuclear energy is transformed into gravitational energy.

• Elastic energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

• Gravitational energy is transformed into chemical energy.

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Explain how the Law of Conservation of Energy applies when a car engine burns gasoline to move the car.

• Energy is created in the form of chemical energy and destroyed as kinetic energy.

• Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy, with no energy lost or gained.

• Kinetic energy is transformed into nuclear energy, with energy being destroyed.

• Gravitational energy is transformed into elastic energy, with energy being created.

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A nuclear power plant uses fission to generate electricity. Describe the energy transformation process involved.

• Nuclear energy is transformed into chemical energy.

• Nuclear energy is transformed into kinetic energy, which is then converted to electrical energy.

• Gravitational energy is transformed into elastic energy.

• Elastic energy is transformed into light energy.

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A person eats food and then goes for a run. Describe the energy transformation that occurs in this scenario.

• Chemical energy from the food is transformed into kinetic energy for running.

• Nuclear energy from the food is transformed into gravitational energy for running.

• Elastic energy from the food is transformed into light energy for running.

• Gravitational energy from the food is transformed into chemical energy for running.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A pendulum swings back and forth. Analyze the energy changes that occur as it moves from its highest point to its lowest point.

• Gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

• Kinetic energy is converted to chemical energy.

• Elastic energy is converted to nuclear energy.

• Chemical energy is converted to gravitational energy.

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A solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. Explain the energy transformation process involved.

• Light energy is transformed into electrical energy.

• Chemical energy is transformed into nuclear energy.

• Gravitational energy is transformed into elastic energy.

• Nuclear energy is transformed into chemical energy.

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