What are lipoproteins primarily associated with?

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

• Vitamins

Answer explanation

Lipoproteins are primarily associated with proteins, as they are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport fats in the bloodstream. The other options, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and vitamins, are not their primary associations.

Which pathway transports dietary lipids absorbed from food?

• Endogenous pathway

• Metabolic pathway

• Digestive pathway

• Exogenous pathway

Answer explanation

The exogenous pathway is responsible for transporting dietary lipids absorbed from food. It involves the absorption of lipids in the intestines and their transport via chylomicrons to various tissues.

Which of the following is NOT a function of apolipoproteins?

• Structural role

• Energy production

• Binding sites for receptors

• Coenzymes for enzymes

Answer explanation

Apolipoproteins serve structural roles, act as binding sites for receptors, and function as coenzymes for enzymes. However, they do not directly participate in energy production, making 'Energy production' the correct answer.

What is the main factor that differentiates the classes of lipoproteins?

• Solubility

• Color

• Density

• Taste

Answer explanation

The main factor that differentiates lipoprotein classes is their density. Lipoproteins are categorized based on their density, which is influenced by their lipid and protein content, making density the correct choice.

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing long-chain triglycerides in the stomach?

• Lingual lipase

• Gastric lipase

• Pancreatic lipase

• Cholecystokinin

Answer explanation

Gastric lipase is the enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing long-chain triglycerides in the stomach, aiding in fat digestion. While lingual lipase starts the process, gastric lipase is more active in the stomach.

What stimulates the release of bile acids in the small intestine?

• Bicarbonate

• Cholecystokinin

• Secretin

• Gastric lipase

Answer explanation

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile acids, aiding in fat digestion. Other options do not directly stimulate bile acid release.

What forms when triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids combine?

• Chylomicron

• Micelle

• Lipid droplet

• Vesicle

Answer explanation

Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles formed from the combination of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids. They transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body.

What is the primary function of bile acids in lipid digestion?

• Emulsification of fat droplets

• Absorption of vitamins

• Neutralization of acids

• Hydrolysis of triglycerides

Answer explanation

The primary function of bile acids in lipid digestion is the emulsification of fat droplets. This process increases the surface area for enzymes to act on, facilitating the digestion and absorption of fats.

Which of the following is NOT a component of lipoproteins?

• Triacylglycerol

• Cholesterol

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids are not components of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins consist of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and proteins, which help transport lipids in the bloodstream.

What is the role of secretin in lipid digestion?

• Stimulates bile release

• Stimulates bicarbonate release

• Stimulates cholesterol synthesis

• Stimulates lipase production

Answer explanation

Secretin primarily stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas, which helps neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, creating an optimal environment for lipid digestion. Thus, it plays a crucial role in lipid digestion.