Quiz #3: Protein Synthesis and Genetic Code

The information stored in DNA is used to direct:

• Synthesis of proteins

• Synthesis of carbohydrates

• Synthesis of lipids

• Synthesis of vitamins

Answer explanation

DNA holds the instructions for building proteins, which are synthesized through the processes of transcription and translation.

Process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides.

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

Ordered synthesis of RNA from DNA

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

The synthesis of proteins from RNA.

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

The genetic information determined the specific amino acid sequence of the protein.

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

The genetic information stored in DNA is passed onto RNA.

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

Which of the following statements is true?

• DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with two newly synthesized strands.

• DNA transcription involves the synthesis of a new DNA molecule from an existing DNA template.

• During DNA replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand.

• DNA translation is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.

Answer explanation

A replication fork forms as:

• The two DNA strands split apart.

• The two DNA strands come together.

• Transcription begins.

• RNA is synthesized.

Answer explanation

Label the following:

• I. Template strand
  II. Lagging strand
  III. DNA Polymerase
  IV. Nucleoside triphosphate

• I. Lagging strand
  II. DNA Polymerase
  III. Nucleoside triphosphate
  IV. Template strand

• I. Template strand
  II. DNA Polymerase
  III. Nucleoside triphosphate
  IV. Lagging strand

• I. Lagging strand

  II. Nucleoside triphosphate
  III. DNA Polymerase
  IV. Template strand

Answer explanation

In DNA replication, the final product is:

• Two identical DNA molecules, with replication proceeding in the 3' to 5' direction of the template for both the leading and lagging strands.

• One RNA molecule, synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction for both the leading and lagging strands.

• Two identical DNA molecules, with replication proceeding in the 5' to 3' direction of the new strand for both the leading and lagging strands.

• One protein molecule, synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction of the template strand.