What are the three categories of rocks?

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Fossilized

• Metamorphic, Fossilized, Igneous

• Sedimentary, Fossilized, Metamorphic

Answer explanation

The three main categories of rocks are Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma, Sedimentary rocks are formed from particle accumulation, and Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rocks.

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Which of the following is a physical property of minerals?

• Temperature

• Hardness

• Weight

• Volume

Answer explanation

Hardness is a key physical property of minerals, indicating their resistance to scratching. While temperature, weight, and volume can relate to minerals, they are not intrinsic physical properties like hardness.

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What is a renewable resource?

• Coal

• Oil

• Solar energy

• Natural gas

Answer explanation

A renewable resource is one that can be replenished naturally. Solar energy is renewable as it is derived from the sun, which is inexhaustible. In contrast, coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels that deplete over time.

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Which tool helps humans observe very small things?

• Telescope

• Microscope

• Binoculars

• Magnifying glass

Answer explanation

A microscope is specifically designed to observe very small objects, such as cells and microorganisms, making it the correct tool for this purpose. Telescopes and binoculars are for distant objects, while magnifying glasses provide limited magnification.

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How are igneous rocks formed?

• From heat and pressure

• From molten rock

• From pieces of other rocks

• From fossilized organisms

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock, which cools and solidifies. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive) or on the surface after a volcanic eruption (extrusive). Thus, the correct answer is 'From molten rock'.

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Which mineral property is tested by scratching it with another object?

• Luster

• Cleavage

• Hardness

• Streak color

Answer explanation

The hardness of a mineral is determined by scratching it with another object. This test measures how resistant the mineral is to being scratched, making 'hardness' the correct property being tested.

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Why is it important to recognize renewable resources?

• They are unlimited and can be used without concern.

• They can be replenished naturally and help sustain the environment.

• They are cheaper than nonrenewable resources.

• They are easier to find than nonrenewable resources.

Answer explanation

Recognizing renewable resources is crucial because they can be replenished naturally, ensuring a sustainable environment. This contrasts with nonrenewable resources, which deplete over time and can harm ecological balance.

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How does a telescope help in observing large things?

• It magnifies small objects.

• It allows us to see distant objects in space.

• It measures the weight of objects.

• It captures sound waves.

Answer explanation

A telescope allows us to see distant objects in space by collecting and magnifying light from those objects, making them visible to our eyes. This is essential for observing large celestial bodies that are far away.

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Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed.

• By cooling of molten rock

• By heat and pressure

• By the accumulation and compaction of sediments

• By the crystallization of minerals

Answer explanation

Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation and compaction of sediments over time. This process involves layers of materials settling and being compressed, which distinguishes them from igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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Discuss the role of minerals in the formation of rocks.

• Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.

• Minerals are not related to rocks.

• Rocks are formed only from organic materials.

• Rocks are formed from water and air.

Answer explanation

Minerals are essential components of rocks, serving as their fundamental building blocks. Each rock type is composed of specific minerals, which determine its properties and classification.

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