Lecture 18 Vaccines part 1

Which of the following are examples of a Jennerian vaccine? (Select all that apply)

• vaccination with a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

• vaccination with a viral vector encoding a protein of influenza virus

• vaccination with cowpox virus to prevent smallpox in humans

• vaccination with the varicella-zoster (chickenpox) live attenuated virus

When vaccinating against influenza by using a viral vector (e.g. adenovirus) that delivers an antigen of the influenza virus, one may also generate an immune response against the viral vector (e.g. adenovirus)?

• True

• False

Which of the following would are most likely to be administered to a pregnant woman?

• an mRNA vaccine (only introduces the mRNA that codes for the viral antigen)

• live attenuated vaccine

• killed or inactivated vaccine

• a Jennerian vaccine

Which of the following are disadvantages of using live-attenuated vaccines?

• often results in long-term memory immunity

• vaccine could revert to a virulent form and cause disease

• cannot be administered to immunodeficient patients

• induction of T and B cell immunity

Which of the following can be used to generate an attenuated virus? (Select all that apply)

• Monkey kidney cells

• Embryonic chicken eggs

• Human liver cells

• Mouse skin cells

Discuss the impact of viral mutations on vaccine development. How do these mutations challenge the effectiveness of existing vaccines?

• Viral mutations have no impact on vaccine development.

• Mutations can alter viral antigens, potentially reducing vaccine effectiveness and necessitating updates to vaccine formulations.

• Mutations make viruses more susceptible to existing vaccines.

• Mutations only occur in bacteria, not viruses.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking