FL Biology EOC - N.1.1 - Nature of Science

When answering problems based on science, biologists will design and/or evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking and/or problem solving.

• True

• False

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When answering problems based on science, biologists will interpret and analyze data to make predictions and/ or defend conclusions.

• True

• False

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When answering problems based on science, biologists will assess the reliability of sources of information according to scientific standards.

• True

• False

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Mrs. Nako's students recorded data that compares student height(cm) to their ages in seconds(s) in the scatter plot shown. However, after viewing the data Mrs. Nako realized several students made mistakes while inputting their data. Based on the values shown, Which cluster of data most likely is valid?

• Cluster A

• Cluster B

• Cluster C

• All of the data is valid.

Answer explanation

Cluster B contains the most valid information, based on the majority of data and acceptable ranges for height and age. Cluster A contains students with ages of 0 seconds, most likely because the value was left empty when submitting data. Cluster B contains students of a height less than 100 cm (or 3ft) which is too short for most high school students.

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When answering problems based on science, biologists will evaluate the merits of scientific explanations produced by others.

• True

• False

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When answering problems based on science, biologists will identify examples of scientific inferences made from observations.

• True

• False

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After collecting student height and age data, Mrs. Nako created two charts using the same data to determine the average growth between the ages of 15 to 18. Based on the two charts, which conclusion would mostly like to be made?

• Students do not grow between the ages of 15-18, based on the trend in graph A.

• Students grow an average of 5 cm between the ages of 15-18 based on the trend in Chart B.

• The trend shown in Chart A shows the most detail and is, therefore, a more accurate representation of the data.

• The trend shown in Chart B removed height values below 120 cm and is a less accurate representation of the data.

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A student is conducting an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the metabolism of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Yeast and sugar are added to water, the gas produced is captured, and its volume is recorded. Which variables should be held constant during this investigation?

• Mass of sugar and water temperature

• Mass of yeast and mass of sugar

• Volume of gas and water temperature

• Volume of gas and mass of yeast

Answer explanation

The water temperature is the variable they are changing to test. The Volume of gas will change based on the temperature and the change in volume will be recorded. The two constant variables will be the amount of sugar (mass) used and the type of yeast used so that they do not affect the results.

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Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music.

Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed.

Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music.

Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?

• a question

• a hypothesis

• a control group

• a description of the experiment

Answer explanation

Carmen should have also taken the pulse of people who were NOT listening to any music to make sure that a person’s pulse rate would not change randomly.

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An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

• Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

• Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

• Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

• Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes

Answer explanation

In both the vinegar (95% water) and distilled water (100% water) solutions, the egg gained mass after soaking. This means that water moved into the egg over time. The reason for this movement is that the solutions are both hypotonic to the concentration of the egg. Water always moves from a more hypotonic solution to a more hypertonic solution (which has more solutes and less water).

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