Chapter 4: Energy Interactions Review

A student has some wires and a light bulb.

The complete the circuit, the student must have _________.

• a fire alarm

• a horseshoe magnet

• an electric motor

• a power source

Answer explanation

To complete the circuit and light the bulb, a power source is essential. It provides the necessary electrical energy, while the other options do not fulfill this requirement.

A student created an electrical circuit, shown below.

Which of the following statements is true about the circuit shown above?

• The electrical circuit is working.

• The electrical circuit is open.

• The electrical circuit is compelte.

• The electrical circuit is closed.

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that the electrical circuit is open. An open circuit means there is a break in the path, preventing current from flowing, which indicates the circuit is not complete or closed.

What best describes the conductors and insulators found in the electrical plug pictured below?

• The metal posts are used to insulate electricity.

• The plastic cover is used to conduct electricity.

• The plastic and metal work together as conductors.

• The plastic insulates electricity, and the metal conducts it.

Answer explanation

The correct choice states that the plastic insulates electricity while the metal conducts it. This accurately describes the roles of materials in an electrical plug, where plastic prevents electric shock and metal allows current flow.

Which of the following materials are good conductors of thermal and electrical energy?

• Paper

• Glass

• Copper

• Wood

Answer explanation

Copper is an excellent conductor of thermal and electrical energy, making it the correct choice. In contrast, paper, glass, and wood are poor conductors.

A bell was placed by the cash register in a busy store. Customers tap the bell to ring it when they are ready to pay for their purchases.

Which type of energy causes the bell to ring?

• Sound energy causes the bell to ring.

• Electric energy is used to ring the bell.

• Customers use the sense of touch to make the sound.

• Mechanical energy is used to tap the bell and produce sound.

Answer explanation

Mechanical energy is used when customers tap the bell, causing it to vibrate and produce sound. This is the correct choice as it directly relates to the action of ringing the bell.

Musical instruments cause the air to vibrate, sending waves that are detected by our senses. The energy from these vibrations of air is an example of —

• thermal energy

• light energy

• sound energy

• mechanical energy

Answer explanation

The vibrations caused by musical instruments create waves in the air that our ears detect. This energy from the vibrations is specifically known as sound energy, making it the correct choice.

Myra is investigating transfers of energy at a bowling alley.

Which observations show a transfer of energy? Select three correct answer choices.

• The pins fall over when the ball strikes them.

• The ball makes a rumbling noise as it rolls down the alley.

• The ball and pins make a crashing noise when the ball strikes the pins.

• The ball rolls into the gutter to the end of the alley.

• The ball rolls very close to a pin, but the pin remains upright and does not move.

Answer explanation

The correct observations show energy transfer: the pins falling indicates kinetic energy transfer, the rumbling noise shows energy from the ball's motion, and the crashing noise indicates energy transfer upon impact.

How does energy move?

• Straight Line

• Wave

• Zig Zag

Answer explanation

Energy moves in waves, which are oscillations that transfer energy through space or a medium. This is evident in phenomena like sound and light, where energy propagates in waveforms rather than in straight lines or zigzag patterns.

Which of the following is necessary to complete an electrical circuit?

• A switch

• A resistor

• A power source

• An insulator

What type of energy is primarily involved when a guitar string is plucked?

• Thermal energy

• Sound energy

• Light energy

• Chemical energy