What is the difference between a human act and an act of man?

Human acts are done voluntarily, while acts of man are involuntary.

Human acts are instinctive, while acts of man involve reasoning.

Human acts are habitual, while acts of man are conscious decisions.

Human acts are always morally good, while acts of man are morally bad.

What is the primary function of reason in moral decision-making?

To evaluate evidence and arguments

To assess one's moral framework

Which of the following best describes the concept of goodness according to St. Thomas Aquinas?

The fulfillment of a being's nature aligned with divine order.

Goodness is rooted in virtues that lead to a fulfilling and happy life.

A reflection of the order of the universe, working towards the common good.

A correspondence between what is in the mind and what exists in reality.

How do universal values promote global understanding?

By encouraging empathy and respect

By emphasizing cultural differences

By fostering economic cooperation

What is the primary difference between Aristotle's and Pervin's conceptions of moral character?

Pervin emphasizes behavior in different situations, while Aristotle focuses on the internal state of values.

Aristotle focuses on consistency, while Pervin emphasizes individuality.

Aristotle sees moral character as a capacity of human being, while Pervin views it as rational response.

Pervin believes that it depends on external circumstances, while Aristotle highlights stability of qualities.

Which of the following is an example of action in the three aspects moral development?

feeling guilty for one's actions

analyzing what is right or wrong

1. The individual values caring and loyalty to others as basis for moral judgments. 2. The reasoning is based on the physical consequences of the action. Are both statements considered correct regarding Level 1 - pre-conventional morality?

Yes, both are considered as concept of pre-conventional level

Only 1 is considered as concept of pre-conventional level

Only 2 is considered as concept of pre-conventional level

No, both are not considered as concept of pre-conventional level

In which stage do individuals recognize that laws are important for maintaining social order but can be changed if they do not serve the greater good?

Good boy and Nice Girl Orientation

Universal, Ethical, Principle Orientation

If a company implements eco-friendly practices primarily for marketing rather than genuine environmental concern, what aspect would the 'end' primarily concern?

the implementation of practices

Which of the following is NOT a key advantage of using emotions in decision-making?

simplification of complicated situations

interpretation of complex experience

Which of the following is an example of projected emotion affecting decisions?

Looking forward to feel relieved after a major purchase and then regret

Relying purely on data/information to make a financial decision

Making decisions based on current state of happiness

Ignoring the future emotional impact of the situation

How does consistency contribute to impartial decision-making?

It helps avoid contradictions and bias.

It allows personal biases to dominate choices.

It encourages acting without evidence.

It eliminates logical thought processes.

Which of the following best describes an example of ad misericordiam?

'You should hire me because I need the money to support my family.'

'This product is endorsed by top experts in the field.'

'We should follow the plan because it's the most logical option.'

'Everyone else is doing it, so it must be right.'

1. Impulsive decisions are based on reflection and reasoning, while critical thinking is quick and emotional. 2. Impulsive decisions lack thoughtful analysis, while critical thinking involves thoughtful evaluation of options.. Do these statements show the correct difference between impulsive decisions and critical thinking?

Yes, both statements are correct.

In a democratic society, how should the value of freedom be balanced with the responsibility to protect public health during a pandemic?

Freedom should be balanced with public health needs, where certain individual freedoms, such as mandatory vaccinations or mask-wearing, may be temporarily limited to protect the community from harm.

Freedom should always be priority, meaning individuals should have the absolute right to make personal choices regarding health measures, regardless of the impact on public health.

Public health should override freedom entirely, with the government enforcing strict measures like lockdowns and vaccine mandates without consideration of individual rights to ensure collective safety.

Individuals should decide their own balance, with governments offering guidelines but leaving compliance entirely up to personal discretion, prioritizing freedom above public health.

How should respect for equality be applied in the group's dinner vote, given that one friend feels their choice is always ignored?

The majority decision should be final, since respecting equality means that everyone's vote counts equally, regardless of past preferences or frustrations.

The friend who feels ignored should be given an automatic vote that counts as double, to make up for the perceived unfairness in the previous voting processes.

Only the friend who feels ignored should be allowed to make the final decision, since their voice has been overlooked in the past, and their choice should now have more weight than the others.

The group should implement a rotating system, ensuring that each friend's choice is given priority on a rotating basis, even if it's not the majority preference.

According to Aquinas, what does the concept of 'truth' imply in relation to our understanding of reality?

Truth is the alignment of a statement with the external reality it describes.

Truth is subjective and changes based on individual perspectives.

Truth is only valid if it is backed up with the agreement of majority.

Truth depends on whether it fits with established traditions.

In Aristotle's view, what role does 'choice' play in developing moral character?

Choice reflects careful decisions based on reason and virtue, guiding ethical behavior and shaping one's moral development.

Choice is determined by inborn qualities and external conditions rather than rational decision-making.

Choice determines only the outcomes of actions, but does not significantly influence an individual's moral character, which is shaped by emotions and habits.

Choice has a role but moral character is mostly developed through habitual actions and external influences, regardless of conscious decisions.

How can parents and caregivers contribute to a child's moral development?

by modeling ethical behavior and demonstrating values

by allowing children to make all decisions independently

by encouraging children to always follow the crowd

by rewarding children for their good behavior

Which of the following shows an example of Stage 2 - Instrumental Orientation?

An older child might reason: 'If I would be able to memorize the poem, my parents will buy me a new smart phone. So, I will do it as organized as I could.'

When someone violates the law, it is morally wrong; liability is therefore a significant factor in this stage because it separates what is bad from what is good.

'I am going to do the household chores before going out with my friends because my parents will get mad at me if she will see it unaccomplished.'

Fellow human beings promoting universal values and that decisions are made for 'the greater good for the number of people'.

Which among the following behaviors is NOT obtained once an individual completes the Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

may make moral judgments based on fear of punishment or seeking rewards

resolve conflicts through negotiation, compromise, and cooperation

involves self-reflection and critical evaluation of one's own moral beliefs and actions

consider the feelings and perspectives of others in their moral decision-making

Which of the following is NOT considered as effect of 'good boy, nice girl' orientation?

obeying rules to uphold the law

leading to peer pressure and societal expectations

doing actions to fit in and gain approval

hesitant to confront wrongdoing for fear of upsetting others

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding insane people having moral choices?

The insane person lacks moral judgment which makes them exempted.

The insane person has the capacity to understand the consequences of their actions.

The insane person has free will and capacity to make relevant moral choices.

The insane person must be accountable of their actions regardless of their situation.

A friend helps another friend move houses because they know they will be helped when they need it. What is the object in the situation?

friendship between the two people

What role does impartiality play in workplace decision-making?

It ensures decisions are made without bias or favoritism

It ensures decisions are made to benefit certain individuals or groups

It encourages discrimination based on personal preferences

It allows for subjective judgments to prevail over objective criteria

Which of the following is an example of applying reason in school policies?

Implementing disciplinary measures based on guidelines and evidence

Punishing students without considering the circumstances

Allowing teachers to grade students based on personal preferences

Rewarding students based on personal connection

Which of the following is an example of applying impartiality in addressing globalization?

Engaging in evidence-based analysis to understand the effects of trade agreements.

Prioritizing national interests over international cooperation through ethnocentrism.

Considering the needs and perspectives of all nations in trade negotiations.

Excluding marginalized communities from international discussions

What is the relationship between moral character and universal values?

Moral character is shaped by adherence to universal values

Moral character is entirely subjective and not related to universal values

Universal values are determined by one's moral character

Universal values have no influence on moral character

Which approach is most favorable to integrating the development of moral character with universal values?

Encouraging critical thinking and moral reasoning based on universally accepted principles

Imposing a single set of moral standards on all individuals

Promoting cultural relativism to accommodate diverse moral perspectives

Prioritizing individual moral independence over adherence to universal values

A family must decide whether to move to a new city for better opportunities. Which question should guide their decision if they will observe prudence as a universal value?

Should we consider both short-term benefits and long-term stability?

Should we move to the city with the best financial rewards or offers?

Should we move based on our preferred comfort and lifestyle?

Should we prioritize our personal desire and what is best for us?

How does patience as a universal value contribute to resolving conflicts?

Patience helps individuals to listen more carefully to others' viewpoints before reacting, allowing for a deeper understanding and more thoughtful solutions.

Patience allows individuals to wait for the conflict to resolve itself, assuming that time will heal all differences naturally.

Patience means avoiding confrontation at all costs, even if it means tolerating unfair behavior for an extended period of time.

Patience ensures that the conflict is never addressed too quickly, allowing for unresolved feelings to build up and intensify the situation further.

Tom witnesses someone stealing from a store. What emotion should Tom recognize to observe development in his moral character?

Tom's guilt might lead him to report the theft to the store owner or authorities.

Tom's confusion might make him ignore the act of theft and leave as if nothing happened.

Tom's frustration might lead him to blame the store for not having better security.

Tom's fear might make him realize that his involvement could lead him to danger.

How does consistency of moral character relate to ethical decision-making in moral dilemmas?

By ensuring reliability and integrity in choices decision-making in moral dilemmas?

By considering feelings in moral judgments

By thinking of the consequences

By fostering adaptability in moral principles

1. It makes a personal commitment to uphold universal principles of equal rights and respect. 2. An individual will follow principles regardless of what the laws or the rules say. Do the two statements have correct key ideas regarding Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Moral Development?

Yes, both statements are correct.

1. Individuals view rules and laws to be important in maintaining peace and order. 2. Rule/law needs to be considered against personal principles and beliefs to uphold one's human rights Do the two statements have correct key ideas regarding Level 3 of Kohlberg's Moral Development?

Yes, both statements are correct.

How does the object of an action impact moral character development?

Object defines whether the act itself is good or bad, shaping character by encouraging consistent moral choices.

Object of an action is irrelevant to moral character development, as intentions are the only important factor.

Object refers only to the desired outcome of the individual and doesn't influence character growth.

Object shapes moral character by focusing on external factors rather than actual moral decisions.

ETH101 - ETHICS

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90 Qs

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ETH101 - ETHICS

90 questions

Which value did Jesus Christ emphasize as the greatest commandment?

According to Plato, what leads to understanding ethics and values?

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of moral development in children?

According to Aristotle, which of the following best describes moral character?

Which level of moral development is characterized by the belief that moral decisions should be based on maintaining social order and fulfilling one's duties?

In which level of moral development do individuals understand that laws are social contracts that can be changed if they do not promote the general welfare?

In moral decision-making, what does the 'object' of the act refer to?

What is the difference between a human act and an act of man?

What can happen when immediate emotions are allowed to guide decision-making?

Which term refers to the capacity for consciously making sense of things?

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