Visual Input Enhancement § Output Hypothesis

What is an example of Visual Input Enhancement?

• Asking students to create sentences

• Providing background information on the text

• Underlining target language forms in a text

• Encouraging self-reflection on learning

According to Schmidt, people learn equally from all input they are exposed to.

• True

• False

According to Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis, what is required for intake?

• Conscious awareness and attention

• Only passive exposure

• External reinforcement

• Repetition

What effect did Visual Input Enhancement have on learning, according to research studies?

• It always had a significant effect

• It showed mixed results, with some positive and limited effects

• It had no effect at all

• It was found to hinder learning

What role does "output" play in second language acquisition (SLA) according to Swain?

• Has no impact on learning

• Distracts learners from the target language

• Increases fluency only

• Helps learners notice gaps in their knowledge

White (1998) found that noticing forms always led to improved language learning.

• True

• False

Which attention process, according to Tomlin and Villa, is essential for learning?

• Alertness

• Detection

• Orientation

• All three processes are equally important

Which pedagogical approach is considered an internal attention-drawing device?

• Visual Input Enhancement

• Learner’s Output

• Highlighting

• Passive listening

What is a common effect of the reconstruction task in language learning?

• Promotes comparison between learner output and target language input

• Focuses only on comprehension

• Does not require any attention to form

• Has no effect on learner noticing

What hypothesis claims that "intake is that part of the input that the learner notices"?

• Input Hypothesis

• Output Hypothesis

• Noticing Hypothesis

• Attention Hypothesis