Chapter 3 Test - Rocks

Intrusive igneous rocks are often coarse-grained because ________.

• A) the pressures at depth cause them to have a rough texture
• B) the slow cooling at depth allows large crystals to grow
• C) the uplift process that exposes the rock fractures them and makes them rough
• D) small holes from escaping gases leave them rough and coarse

The texture of an igneous rock ________.

• A) is controlled by the composition of magma
• B) determines the color of the rock
• C) is caused by leaching
• D) records the rock's cooling history

The first step in turning a rock into a sediment is ________.

• A) gravity and erosional agents (wind, water, etc.) remove material from the parent rock
• B) rock is broken into small pieces during the transportation phase
• C) weathering alters the rock
• D) compaction

Which of the following is an economically important sedimentary rock?

• A) marble
• B) coal
• C) pumice
• D) calcite

Detrital sedimentary rocks are typically classified on the basis of their ________.

• A) composition
• B) texture
• C) provenance
• D) particle size

For a geologist, the most important characteristic of a sedimentary rock is its ________.

• A) texture
• B) composition
• C) layering
• D) lithology

Metamorphism occurs when a rock ________.

• A) experiences conditions that include high temperatures
• B) experiences conditions that include high pressures
• C) experiences conditions that are significantly different from those that formed the rock
• D) experiences conditions that are similar to those that formed the rock

In an area where the temperature increase with depth averages 20°C per kilometer, the temperature at a depth of 5 kilometers would be ________.

• A) 100°C
• B) 200°C
• C) 50°C
• D) 20°C

Under the right circumstances, by the process of weathering and erosion, any rock can be transformed into ________.

• A) another type of rock
• B) sediment
• C) magma
• D) a different rock type, sediment, or magma

One magma can produce ________ type(s) of igneous rocks having different mineral compositions.

• A) only one
• B) several different
• C) hundreds of different
• D) only detrital