Science 6B Unit 2 Lessons 2-5 Thermal Energy

Rank the phases of matter from the one with the least kinetic energy to the greatest kinetic energy for the particles in the subst

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which option describes the particles of water as the liquid water actively boils?

• the particles will lose kinetic energy & increase temp during boiling

• the particles have the same ave. kinetic energy and the same temp during boiling

• the particles will lose kinetic energy & decrease temp during boiling

• the particles will have the same ave. kinetic energy & decrease temp during boiling

Answer explanation

During boiling, the particles of water maintain the same average kinetic energy and temperature. This is because the energy added during boiling is used for the phase change rather than increasing temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What does temperature measure?

• the total energy of particles

• the empty space between the particles

• the average kinetic energy of the particles

• the heat of the particles

Answer explanation

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. This means it reflects how fast the particles are moving; higher temperatures indicate faster movement.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which is the best interpretation of the two flat portions of the graph?

• these show where the thermal energy does not exsist

• these show where temperature is 0 degrees celcius

• these show where changes of state of matter is occurring

• these show where kinetic energy is increasing

Answer explanation

The two flat portions of the graph indicate plateaus where temperature remains constant while a substance changes state, such as melting or boiling, rather than showing kinetic energy or thermal energy absence.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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What is kinetic energy?

• energy of motion

• stored energy

• thermal energy

• the energy of radiation

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy of motion. It is the energy an object possesses due to its movement, distinguishing it from stored energy, thermal energy, or energy of radiation.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

A fisherman in a boat is drinking a cup of hot coffee. The large lake below his boat is full of cold water. Which statement is an accurate comparison of the lake water and the coffee?

• coffee will have more total thermal energy, but lake particles will be moving faster

• coffee will have more total thermal energy, and the coffee particles will move faster

• lake will have more total thermal energy, and lake particles will be moving faster

• lake will have more total thermal energy, but particles in the coffee will be moving faster

Answer explanation

The lake has a larger volume, giving it more total thermal energy despite being cold. However, the coffee, being hot, has faster-moving particles compared to the colder lake water.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

The gallium in the image is melting in the person’s hand. Which changes will occur on a microscopic level? 

• the gallium atoms will increase in temperature

• the gallium atoms will gain kinetic energy

• the gallium atoms will gain potential energy, moving freely from each other

• the gallium atoms will be moving faster on average

Answer explanation

As gallium melts, its atoms gain potential energy, allowing them to move freely apart. This transition from solid to liquid involves increased spacing between atoms, which is characteristic of melting.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Which object will have particles with the highest average kinetic energy?

Responses

• a drop of water at 90 degrees C

• water at 40 degrees C in a swimming pool

• water at 37 degrees in a glass

• an iceberg at 0 degrees C.

Answer explanation

The average kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature. A drop of water at 90 degrees C has the highest temperature among the options, resulting in the highest average kinetic energy of its particles.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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As water becomes warmer, boils and then becomes water vapor (steam), what happens to its kinetic and potential energies?

• the particles will gain potential energy as it heats up, but the kinetic energy of the particles will stay the same

• the particles gain both potential and kinetic energy

• the kinetic and potential energies of the particles will stay the same

• the particles gain kinetic energy as it heats up, but the potenial energy of the particles will stay the same

Answer explanation

As water heats up, its particles gain kinetic energy, moving faster. When it boils, they also gain potential energy as they transition to steam, overcoming intermolecular forces. Thus, both kinetic and potential energies increase.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which of these shows the best example of gravitational potential energy?

• skateboarding fast at the bottom of a half-pipe

• a book on a high shelf

• a molecule of glucose

• a stretched rubber band

Answer explanation

Gravitational potential energy is stored energy based on an object's height. A book on a high shelf has potential energy due to its elevated position, while the other options do not primarily represent gravitational potential energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2