Understanding Genetic Inheritance

Define the term 'allele' in genetics.

• An allele is a protein that influences traits.

• An allele is a complete set of genes.

• An allele is a alternative form of a gene.

• An allele is a type of chromosome.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of Mendel’s pea plants?

• They had no distinct traits and were uniform.

• Pea plants had distinct traits (e.g., flower color, seed shape).

• Offspring produced were always identical to the parents.

• Pea plants were only capable of cross-pollination.

What is Mendel's first law of inheritance?

• The Law of Genetic Variation

• The Law of Segregation

• The Law of Independent Assortment

• The Law of Dominance

Explain Mendel's second law of inheritance.

• Mendel's second law explains the blending inheritance of traits.

• Mendel's second law is about the dominance of alleles.

• Mendel's second law states that traits are inherited together.

• Mendel's second law of inheritance is the law of independent assortment.

How do you set up a Punnett square for a monohybrid cross?

• List both parents' alleles in a single row.

• Use only one parent's alleles for the entire square.

• Draw a circle around the alleles instead of filling in squares.

• Write one parent's alleles on the top and the other parent's on the side, then fill in the squares with the combinations.

Solve a monohybrid cross problem: Cross a homozygous tall plant (TT) with a homozygous short plant (tt). What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios?

• Genotypic ratio: 100% Tt; Phenotypic ratio: 100% tall.

• Genotypic ratio: 75% Tt, 25% TT; Phenotypic ratio: 75% tall, 25% short.

• Genotypic ratio: 100% tt; Phenotypic ratio: 100% short.

• Genotypic ratio: 50% Tt, 50% TT; Phenotypic ratio: 50% tall, 50% short.

What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross?

• 9:3:3:1

• 1:1:1:1

• 3:1:1:1

• 9:9:1:1

Perform a dihybrid cross between two pea plants that are heterozygous for both traits (RrYy). What are the expected offspring ratios?

• 9:9:1:1

• 9:3:3:1

• 1:1:1:1

• 3:1:1:1

What does the term 'homozygous' mean?

• An organism with two identical alleles for a specific gene.

• An organism that has no alleles for a specific gene.

• An organism with one dominant and one recessive allele for a specific gene.

• An organism with two different alleles for a specific gene.

Explain the significance of Mendel's experiments in the field of genetics.

• Mendel's experiments established the basic principles of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.

• Mendel's work was primarily about plant nutrition and growth.

• Mendel discovered the structure of DNA through his experiments.

• Mendel's experiments focused solely on animal behavior.