4.3 Evolution and Natural Selection

Biological evolution is the process by which species ​ (a)   change over time.

These changes occur within the ​ (b)   of populations of organisms from generation to generation.

​ (c)   is a process where individuals with ​ certain genetic traits are more likely to ​ (d)   under a specific set of environmental conditions.

• genetically
• genes
• survive and reproduce
• Natural selection

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which part of prehistoric sharks is most commonly found as fossils?

• Fins

• Teeth

• Scales

• Skeletons

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

In natural selection what individuals are most likely able to survive and reproduce under a specific set of environmental conditions

• Smartest organisms

• Strong physical characteristics

• Genetic traits adaptable to the environment

• Enzymes that help it to digest any toxins it encounters in the environment

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

​Fossils are preserved remains or traces of ​ (a)   organisms

Fossils may be ​ (b)   skeletons, bones, teeth, shells, leaves and seeds.

In addition to analyzing fossils excavated from the earth, scientist have studied evidence of ancient life in ​ (c)   samples from glacial ice and on mountaintops.

They have studied organisms trapped in ​ (d)   , or fossilized tree resin.

• prehistoric
• mineralized or petrified
• ice core
• amber

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Match the following

• Ice core sample

• 
• Amber-fossilized tree resin

• 
• Petrified logs

• 

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The idea that organisms change over time and are descended from a ​ (a)   is not a new one.

The first convincing explanation for evolution was put forward in 1858.

Naturalist ​ (b)   and Alfred Russel Wallace independently proposed the concept of ​ (c)   as a mechanism for​ (d)   .

Charles Darwin published his book in 1859 called the ​ (e)   .

• single common ancestor
• natural selection
• biological evolution
• Charles Darwin
• Origin of Species

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Which two Naturalist independently proposed "Natural Selection"

• Watson and Crick

• Darwin and Russell

• Pasteur and Schleiden

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What is the primary mechanism by which evolution occurs according to Darwin?

• Genetic drift

• Natural selection

• Mutation

• Gene flow

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Which of the following is a key factor in the process of natural selection?

• Random mating

• Environmental pressures

• Stable population size

• Unlimited resources

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What type of evidence is most commonly used to study the evolutionary history of organisms?

• Fossil records

• Current population data

• Behavioral studies

• Climate patterns

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