An individual who is both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated is more likely to:

• enjoy teaching children because they are generally receptive and interested in learning.

• enjoy solving complex programming problems and learning about others' innovations.

• enjoy taking care of patients and be motivated by having a secure job with good benefits.

• be motivated by the opportunity to earn a high income in a secure job position.

__________ is a person's perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of outcomes.

• Expectancy

• Valence

• Inequity

• Instrumentality

According to expectancy theory, if expectancy is high, people:

• perceive that if they try hard, they can perform at a high level.

• perceive that effort is not correlated with outcomes.

• value relationships over performance and achievement.

• have a strong desire to control and influence others.

Rochelle believes she is paid fairly for her work as an accountant given the hours she works. The theory of motivation that concentrates on people's perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to, or in proportion to, their work inputs is:

• expectancy.

• equity.

• goal-setting.

• social learning.

Chuy works the same hours as Latoya, but since he produces more than she does, he believes he should be paid more. Chuy is illustrating

• Low valence.

• Overpayment inequity.

• Underpayment inequity.

• High valence.

Satisfying an employee's esteem needs, as described in Maslow's hierarchy of motives, can be accomplished with the policy of

• Giving people the opportunity to use their skills and abilities to the fullest extent possible.

• Promoting good interpersonal relations and organizing social functions.

• Providing job security, adequate medical benefits, and safe working conditions.

• Granting promotions and recognizing the accomplishments of individual employees.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the lowest-level needs include

• Being recognized for accomplishments.

• The opportunity to use one's skills to the fullest extent.

• Safe working conditions.

• Food, clothing, and housing.

A criticism of Maslow's theory is

• More than one need may be satisfied at a time.

• The highest-level need is never satisfied.

• It has no use in business.

• It only included men in the original study, so it does not apply to women.

A manager organizes company picnics for her employees regularly and tries to promote good interpersonal relationships among her team members. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, the manager is trying to satisfy the __________ needs of her employees at work.

• belongingness

• safety

• self-actualization

• esteem

According to Herzberg's theory, hygiene needs are best satisfied by

• the ability to grow on the job.

• a sense of achievement.

• a good working environment.

• creative assignments.