Islamic Studies: Modules 4 - 6

M4 - What did Prophet Ibrahim believe about reality and natural laws?

• Natural laws work independently of God.

• Everything in the universe relies on God, so natural laws are set by God.
  

• Natural laws have no purpose in God's plan.

• 1. Natural laws do not exist in the universe.

M4 - What was Pavlov’s experiment, and how does it relate to our understanding of cause and effect?

• Pavlov conditioned dogs to expect food when they saw a light, showing natural causes lead to effects.

• Pavlov conditioned dogs to expect food when they heard a bell, teaching that natural causes always control outcomes.

• Pavlov conditioned dogs to expect food when they heard a bell, showing how associations can be learned, though ultimately all outcomes are within God's control.
  

• 1.  Pavlov’s experiment was about random events with no connection to cause and effect.

M4 - How does Islam define science differently from the textbook definition?

• 1. The textbook defines science as studying the material world without considering God, while Islam sees science as learning about God’s cause-and-effect setup in nature.

• B) The textbook defines science as studying nature without God, while Islam sees science as studying the world and ignoring God’s role.

• C) The textbook defines science as studying the natural world with evidence, while Islam sees science as something beyond the physical realm

• D) The textbook defines science as studying natural phenomena, while Islam has no definition of science.

M4 - What’s the purpose of regular worship in Islam?

• Worship helps Muslims remember their reliance on God in everything they do.

• Worship is just a ritual with no deeper meaning.

M4 - How do different worldviews (Materialism, Christianity, Islam) view natural laws?

• • Materialism: Nature operates with God

  • Christianity/Poly: God created humans to sustain the universe

  Islam: Natural laws are fixed, but human actions don’t matter.

• • Materialism: Nature operates independently.

  • Christianity/Polytheism: God created natural laws but allows for human free will.

  • Islam: God actively controls every natural law and human action in the universe

M5 - What is the Big Bang Theory, and who discovered it?

• The theory that the universe is eternal and was never created. Discovered by Stephen Hawking.
  

• The theory that the universe started from a single point and expanded outward. Discovered by Edwin Hubble.
  

• The theory that the universe is created every day. Discovered by Isaac Newton.
  

• The theory that the universe was created by a supernatural being. Discovered by Carl Sagan.

M5 - Why does the universe having an age matter?

• If the universe has no beginning, it proves the universe can sustain itself eternally.
  

• If everything has a beginning, it means the universe must have had one as well.

• The age of the universe doesn't matter because everything is eternal.

• 1. The universe having an age suggests it will end soon.

M5 - What is Fact 1 of the KCA, and how is it supported?

• The universe is eternal, and this fact is supported by the idea of an endless past.
  

• The universe began to exist, supported by the Big Bang and logical reasoning.

• The universe will end soon, supported by the idea of entropy.
  

• 1. The universe is an illusion, with no logical support.

M5 - What is Fact 2 of the KCA, and what does it imply?

• Everything with a beginning must have a cause, suggesting a necessary being that always existed.
  

• 1. Everything with a beginning is a random event

How did Muslim scholars argue against the eternal universe belief?

• 1. D) They did not have any arguments regarding the eternal universe belief.

• A) They argued an eternal universe would reach a state of equilibrium and thus must have had a beginning.