2.3 Major diseases in oil palm

Which Ganoderma species is considered the most aggressive in terms of growth rate?

• G. tornatum

• G. zonatum

• G. boninense

• G. miniatocinctum

What is a recommended practice to control Algal disease in oil palms?

• Increase soil acidity

• Reduce relative humidity

• Plant more legumes

• Use only chemical fungicides

What is the economic impact of Ganoderma disease in Malaysia?

• Estimated RM 2 billion a year

• No significant economic impact

• Estimated RM 1.5 billion a year

• Estimated RM 500 million a year

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Basal Stem Rot?

• Yellowing of leaves

• Dry rot in internal tissues

• Premature falling of frond butts

• Chlorosis of younger leaves

What is the primary method of spread for Ganoderma disease?

• Insect vectors

• Contact between healthy and infected roots

• Waterborne transmission

• Aerial dispersal of spores

What is the first visible sign of Armillariella root and stem rot?

• Yellowing of leaves

• Premature falling of frond butts

• Black rot at the base

• Wilting of the entire palm

Which treatment is recommended for Charcoal base rot?

• Soil fumigation

• Fungicide application

• Irrigation management

• Sanitation by removal of infected plants

What is the causal agent of Vascular wilt in oil palms?

• Ceratocystis paradoxa

• Armillariella mellea

• Fusarium oxysporum

• Ustulina deusta

What is the recommended action for managing Ganoderma infection in young palms?

• Planting resistant varieties

• Increase irrigation

• Sanitation and removal of infected palms

• Use of chemical fertilizers

Which of the following diseases is characterized by necrotic lesions on spear leaf leaflets?

• Crown Disease

• Algal Disease

• Common Spear Rot

• Basal Stem Rot