Metabolism & Bioenergetics Quiz

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

• A) every energy transformation generates some heat

• B) every spontaneous reaction is capable of doing work

• C) non-spontaneous reactions are energetically not possible

• D) energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another

• E) it's all hopeless, we're all doomed, so just give up

Entropy is a measure of:

• A) chemical potential energy

• B) the degree of openness of a system

• C) the degree of disorder

• D) the degree to which a system can exchange energy with its surroundings

• E) the total kinetic energy of a system

In metabolism, a coupling reaction is:

• a non-spontaneous reaction that can be driven forward by the addition of an enzyme

• the process of ATP regeneration

• the formation of RNA that is complementary to DNA

• one form of facilitated diffusion

• a spontaneous reaction that is used to drive forward a non-spontaneous reaction

Enzymes:

• A) turn non-spontaneous reactions into spontaneous reactions

• B) decrease the AG of non-spontaneous reactions

• C) decrease the AG of spontaneous reactions

• D) catalyze non-spontaneous reactions

• E) catalyze spontaneous reactions

In chemical terms, the word "reduction" means:

• A) gain of phosphate ions

• B) loss of phosphate ions

• C) gain of electrons

• D) loss of electrons

• E) none of the above

AG (delta G) is:

• A) an energy barrier to a reaction

• B) the difference in G between the final state and the initial state

• C) the maximum amount of entropy that an unstable state possesses

• D) a change in [glucose] in a cell

• E) the amount of energy that must be added to a reaction to overcome the activation energy

Enzymes:

• A) catalyze spontaneous reactions

• B) convert a non-spontaneous reaction into a spontaneous reaction

• C) decrease the AG for a reaction

• D) increase the AG for a reaction

• E) none of these

Anabolism includes:

• A) transporting ions against an [ion] gradient

• B) producing polymers from monomers

• C) oxidation of glucose in aerobic cellular respiration

• D) pumping protons (H*) against a A[H*]

• E) movement of water through a membrane (via aquaporins)

Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity (there are no general enzymes). The specificity is due to:

• A) the enzyme catalytic cycle

• B) cation-translocating ATPases

• C) the enzyme active site

• D) Michaelis-Menten kinetics

• E) H bonds between enzymes

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

• A) every energy transformation generates some heat

• B) every spontaneous reaction is capable of doing work

• C) non-spontaneous reactions are energetically not possible

• D) energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another

• E) organisms are open systems