What are data integrity constraints in a relational database?

• Data integrity constraints are rules that maintain the accuracy and consistency of data in a relational database.

• Data integrity constraints are optional rules for data entry.

• Data integrity constraints are guidelines for user interface design.

• Data integrity constraints are only relevant for non-relational databases.

Explain the purpose of primary keys in a DBMS.

• The purpose of primary keys in a DBMS is to uniquely identify each record in a table and maintain data integrity.

• To store large amounts of data efficiently.

• To create relationships between different tables.

• To group similar records together in a table.

What is the difference between a candidate key and a primary key?

• A candidate key can be any unique identifier, while a primary key is the selected candidate key used for record identification.

• A primary key can have duplicate values, while a candidate key cannot.

• A candidate key is always the primary key.

• A candidate key is a foreign key in another table.

Define foreign key and its role in relational databases.

• A foreign key is a type of index that speeds up queries.

• A foreign key is a unique identifier for a table.

• A foreign key is a field that contains only null values.

• A foreign key is a field in a table that links to the primary key of another table, establishing a relationship between the two.

What are the different types of data integrity constraints?

• Data Redundancy

• Data Normalization

• Data Encryption

• Entity Integrity, Referential Integrity, Domain Integrity, User-Defined Integrity

Describe the basic operations of relational algebra.

• Sorting, Filtering, Grouping

• Join, Aggregate, Distinct

• Insert, Update, Delete

• The basic operations of relational algebra are Selection, Projection, Union, Set Difference, Cartesian Product, and Rename.

What is the significance of the SELECT operation in relational algebra?

• The SELECT operation is used to delete data from a database.

• The SELECT operation is significant for creating new tables in a database.

• The SELECT operation is significant as it enables the retrieval of specific data from a database by applying conditions to filter rows.

• The SELECT operation is primarily used for updating existing records in a database.

Explain the JOIN operation in relational algebra with an example.

• A JOIN operation merges two relations without any condition, resulting in a Cartesian product of both relations.

• A JOIN operation combines two relations based on a common attribute, but it only includes all records from the first relation.

• A JOIN operation in relational algebra is used to delete records from a relation based on a condition.

• For example, consider two relations: Students (StudentID, Name) and Enrollments (StudentID, Course). An INNER JOIN on StudentID would produce a relation with tuples containing StudentID, Name, and Course for students who are enrolled in courses.

What is domain relational calculus?

• Domain relational calculus is a graphical interface for database queries.

• Domain relational calculus is a non-procedural query language for databases that specifies queries using logical predicates.

• Domain relational calculus is a type of database management system.

• Domain relational calculus is a procedural programming language for databases.

How does tuple relational calculus differ from domain relational calculus?

• Tuple relational calculus is based on set theory, while domain relational calculus is based on logic.

• Tuple relational calculus uses individual attributes, while domain relational calculus uses tuples.

• Tuple relational calculus allows for nested queries, while domain relational calculus does not.

• Tuple relational calculus uses tuples, while domain relational calculus uses individual attributes.