What percentage of energy intake does dietary fat provide in Western countries?

• 10% to 20%

• 50% to 60%

• 35% to 45%

• 25% to 30%

Which metabolic process is inhibited by a high intake of fat?

• Glycogenesis

• Lipogenesis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Beta-oxidation

What is the product of the final cycle of β-oxidation for fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms?

• Propionyl CoA

• Glycerol

• Acetyl-CoA

• Oxaloacetate

Which amino acids yield only acetyl-CoA on oxidation?

• Alanine and Glycine

• Tryptophan and Isoleucine

• Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

• Lysine and Leucine

What is the primary substrate for gluconeogenesis?

• Acetyl-CoA

• Oxaloacetate

• Glycerol

• Propionyl CoA

Which of the following amino acids is classified as glucogenic?

• Phenylalanine

• Lysine

• Leucine

• Acetyl-CoA

What happens to carbon atoms from acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?

• They are converted to glucose

• They are lost as carbon dioxide

• They are stored as glycogen

• They are used for lipogenesis

Which metabolic pathway cannot utilize fatty acids for glucose synthesis?

• Glycogenesis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Lipogenesis

• Citric Acid Cycle

What is the fate of excess amino acids in the body?

• They are stored as fat

• They yield pyruvate or citric acid cycle intermediates

• They are excreted unchanged

• They are converted to ketone bodies

Which of the following is a substrate for gluconeogenesis?

• Acetyl-CoA

• Glycerol

• Fatty acids

• Propionyl CoA