History of Astronomy

What is the main difference between astrology and astronomy?

• Astrology studies the structure of the universe, while astronomy predicts human destiny based on stars.

• Astrology is a science that studies celestial bodies, while astronomy is based on myths.

• Astrology predicts human destiny based on stars, while astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies.

• • Astrology and astronomy are the same and can be used interchangeably.

Which of the following statements is true about the geocentric theory of Plato and Aristotle?

• The sun is immobile (stationary) and at the center of the universe.

• Earth is immobile (stationary) and at the center of the universe.

• The universe is flat and infinite.

• • All celestial bodies move in elliptical orbits.

According to the geocentric theory of Ptolemy, what are 'epicycle' and 'deferent'?

• Epicycle is small circle in which planets move, and deferent are the large circle around the Earth.

• Epicycle is the paths of stars, and deferent is the paths of the sun and moon.

• Epicycle is the orbits of comets, and deferent is the orbits of planets.

• Epicycle is the movements of galaxies, and deferent is the movements of stars

What significant change did the heliocentric theory of Copernicus introduce?

• The Earth is immobile (stationary) and at the center of the universe.

• The sun is immobile (stationary) and at the center of the universe, with Earth as an ordinary planet.

• All celestial bodies move in circular orbits around the Earth.

• The moon and the sun move in epicycles around the Earth.

According to the heliocentric theory, how long does it take for the Earth to revolve around the sun?

• 24 hours

• 30 days

• One year

• 10 years

What does cosmology study?

• The influence of stars on human destiny

• The scientific study of celestial bodies and their positions

• The structure and evolution of the universe as a whole

• The daily movement of the sun and moon

Which statement correctly describes the motion of the Earth in the heliocentric theory?

• The Earth is stationary and the sun revolves around it.

• The Earth revolves around the sun in one year and rotates around its axis in twenty-four hours.

• The Earth and sun are both stationary.

• The Earth revolves around the moon in one year.

What did the ancient geocentric theories assume about the shape and motion of celestial bodies?

• Celestial bodies are flat and move in straight lines.

• Celestial bodies are spherical and move in circular orbits.

• Celestial bodies are irregular and move in random paths.

• Celestial bodies are cube-shaped and stationary.

In the heliocentric model, which celestial body is described as a satellite of Earth?

• The sun

• Mars

• The moon

• Venus

What determines the period of revolution of a planet around the sun according to the heliocentric theory?

• The size of the planet

• The distance that separates it from the sun

• The composition of the planet

• The presence of moons around the planet