Radiation Protection in PAEDIATRIC IMAGING

Which unit describes how radioactive a radiation source is

• •Sievert

• •Gray

• •Becquerel

• •Roentgen

What is ALARA?

• It is the guidance for Radiation Safety

• It stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable

• It means avoiding exposure to radiation that does not have a direct benefit to you

• All of the above

What is the largest contributor of ionising radiation in medicine?

• Chest and Abdominal Radiographs

• Computed Tomography (CT)

• Magnetic Resonance Angiography

• Fluoroscopy studies

What are the types of ionising radiation?

• Gamma Rays

• X Rays

• Alpha Particles

• All the above            

Which statement is true regarding stochastic effect?

• Stochastic effects of radiation are probabilistic effects that can occur from radiation exposure, even at low doses

• The probability of a stochastic effect is proportional to the dose of radiation received

• Cancer and genetic effects are the main stochastic effects of radiation

• All of the above

Which of the imaging modality below give the highest radiation dose?

• Contrast enhanced CT brain

• Skeletal survey radiographs

• Dental Cone beam CT

• Micturating Cystourethrogram Study (MCUG)

Which statement is true regarding CT in children ? (choose two answers)

• Radiation can cause cancer by damaging the DNA

• The voltage of 80 kV is too low to provide good image quality

• CT chest is always indicated in children with recurrent pneumonia

• Radiation dose in CT chest is equivalent to approximately 200 chest radiographs

Which statement is true regarding CT Brain in children?

• Is indicated to diagnose meningitis

• Contrast enhanced study is always indicated in CNS infection

• Poor soft tissue contrast but useful to exclude intra-cranial bleed

• Able to exclude demyelination disease in a child with encephalopathy

Why are children more vulnerable to carcinogenic risk of ionising radiation?

• Their cells are actively dividing due to growth

• They have long life expectancy which enable malignancy to develop

• Sensitive organs of children are closer to each other and not easy to exclude from radiation field

• All of the above

Listed are the special consideration for CT examination in children, except:

• Is the CT scan really needed to come to a diagnosis

• Can a previous exam give the information needed

• Multiphase CT is essential for accurate diagnosis of liver tumour

• Is there an alternative imaging modality that does not involve radiation