What is the definition of Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR)?

• The metabolic rate of a fasting, non-stressed ectotherm at a specific temperature.

• The metabolic rate of an active, stressed ectotherm at any temperature.

• The metabolic rate of a fasting, non-stressed endotherm at a specific temperature.

• The metabolic rate of an active, stressed endotherm at any temperature.

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Which type of organism is more energetically costly?

• Endotherm

• Ectotherm

• Both are equally costly

• Neither is costly

In humans, where is excess energy primarily stored?

• As glycogen in the liver and muscle cells

• As fat in the liver

• As protein in the muscles

• As glucose in the blood

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What happens when glycogen stores are full in humans?

• Excess energy is stored as fat in adipose cells.

• Excess energy is stored as protein in muscles.

• Excess energy is stored as glucose in the blood.

• Excess energy is stored as glycogen in the liver.

During a caloric deficit, in what order does the body utilize energy?

• Liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, fat

• Muscle glycogen, liver glycogen, fat

• Fat, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen

• Muscle glycogen, fat, liver glycogen

What is the role of insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis?

• They maintain glucose levels and work oppositely or antagonistically.

• They increase glucose levels and work synergistically.

• They decrease glucose levels and work independently.

• They maintain glucose levels and work synergistically.

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What causes diabetes mellitus?

• A deficiency of insulin or a decreased response to insulin in target tissues.

• An excess of insulin in the bloodstream.

• A deficiency of glucagon in the liver.

• An increased response to insulin in target tissues.

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What is Type 1 Diabetes often called?

• Juvenile diabetes

• Adult-onset diabetes

• Mature diabetes

• Gestational diabetes

What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes?

• Failure of target cells to respond normally to insulin

• Destruction of pancreatic beta cells

• Excessive insulin production

• Lack of glucose in the blood

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What do animal cells need that enters through the plasma membrane?

• Nutrients and oxygen (O2)

• Carbon dioxide and glucose

• Proteins and lipids

• Vitamins and minerals

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