Axiology

What are the three main characteristics of philosophical thinking according to Suriasumantri?

• Practical, superficial, experimental

• Fundamental, universal, speculative

• Limited, individual, conclusive

• Technical, isolated, empirical

How does the nature of science differ from philosophy in terms of methodology?

• Science is a priori, while philosophy is a posteriori

• Both science and philosophy rely solely on empirical evidence

• Science is a posteriori (experience-based), whereas philosophy is a priori (logic-based)

• Science and philosophy share the same methodologies but with different applications

According to Durant’s parable, how are philosophy and science related in their approach to knowledge?

• Philosophy follows science closely to critique findings

• Philosophy opens new paths, and science further investigates these areas

• Science serves as a foundation for philosophy

• Philosophy and science work independently without overlap

What is the role of axiology in guiding science and technology, according to Sumarna?

• To limit scientific research strictly within ethical frameworks

• To promote science for economic growth alone

• To apply moral and ethical considerations to scientific developments

•  prevent any use of technology in society

What is the psychological perspective on the role of science and technology in human life?

• They primarily serve economic growth

• They fulfill basic human psychological needs such as knowledge and self-actualization

• They are solely for creating social order and structure

• They are valued for preserving traditional culture