Test 3 Preparation - BCHM 4115

___________________ represents the sum of the chemical changes that convert nutrients, the “raw materials” necessary to nourish living organisms, into energy and the chemically complex finished products of cells

• Glycolysis

• Anabolism

• Energy

• Metabolism

Answer explanation

This is the definition of all of metabolism. Slide 3, lecture 24.

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_______________ is a synthetic process in which the varied and complex biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids) are assembled from simpler precursors

• Catabolism

• Glycolysis

• Anabolism

• Biosynthesis

Answer explanation

This is the definition of Anabolism. Slide 11 lecture 24.

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The ________________ describes how Cancer cells tend to convert glucose into lactate, even in the presence of oxygen sufficient to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis).

• Boyer's Model

• The Warburg Effect

• Glycolytic Flux

• Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer explanation

This is the definition of the Warburg Effect. Slide 13, lecture 26

For the pathway to the left, choose the correct molecules

• 1. 1. Oxaloacetate

  2. 2. Pyruvate

• 1. 1. Citric Acid

  2. 2. Carbohydrate synthesis

• 1. 1. Lactate

     1. 2. ATP

• 1. 1. Pyruvate

  2. 2. Fatty acids and triglycerides

Answer explanation

Alternative Sugars and glycolysis. Slide 17, lecture 26.

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Diets high in _____1____can lead to fatty liver disease and eventually ______2_____. Liver fats can also be released into the circulation, with resulting accumulation by fat cells in other tissues.

• 1. 1. Glucose

  2. 2. Cancer

• 1. 1. Fructose

  2. 2. Cirrhosis

• 1. 1. Fructose

  2. 2. Cancer

• 1. 1. Fats

  2. 2. Diabetes

Answer explanation

High fructose consumption can lead to fatty acid production and cirrhosis. Slide 17, lecture 26.

Please provide the name of the technique used to detect cancer based on the high rate of glycolysis seen in tumors

(a)  

Answer explanation

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can be used to detect rapid glycolysis in cancer. Slide 18, lecture 26.

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Identify the enzyme

• Phosphoglucoisomerase

• Hexokinase

• Pyruvate Kinase

• Phosphoglycerate Kinase

Answer explanation

Hexokinase or glucokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). Slide 2, lecture 26

Identify the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme Enolase

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

Enolase catalyzes the conversion of 2-PG to PEP. Slide 2, lecture 26.

Choose the correct molecules for positions 1-8 in the TCA cycle

• 1. 1. Citrate

  2. 2. Succinate

  3. 3. Fumarate

  4. 4. Malate

  5. 5. a-ketoglutarate

  6. 6. Succinyl-CoA

  7. 7. isocitrate

  8. 8. Oxaloacetate

• 1. 1. Citrate

  2. 2. isocitrate

  3. 3. a-ketoglutarate

  4. 4. Succinyl-CoA

  5. 5. Succinate

  6. 6. Fumarate

  7. 7. Malate

  8. 8. Oxaloacetate

• 2. 1. isocitrate

  3. 2. a-ketoglutarate

  4. 3. Succinyl-CoA

  5. 4. Succinate

  6. 5. Fumarate

  7. 6. Malate

  8. 7. Oxaloacetate

  9. 8. PEP

• 1. 1. CoASH

  2. 2. Citric acid

  3. 3. Lipoic acid

  4. 4. Succinyl-CoA

  5. 5. Succinate

  6. 6. Fumarate

  7. 7. Malate

  8. 8. Oxaloacetate

Answer explanation

The order of the products in the TCA cycle after acetyl-CoA enters is 1. Citrate

1. 2. isocitrate

2. 3. a-ketoglutarate

3. 4. Succinyl-CoA

4. 5. Succinate

5. 6. Fumarate

6. 7. Malate

7. 8. Oxaloacetate

8. Slide 3, lecture 27

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What is the function of lipoic acid in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

• To transfer a carboxylic acid to lysine, which is then transferred to CoA

• To oxidize lipoic acid and reduce NADH

• To covalently bind pyruvate until FAD needs to be reduced to FADH2

• To accept a hydoxyethyl group from HETTP and transfer an acetyl group to CoA

Answer explanation

On the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase, lipoic acid is covalently bound to lysine residues where it accepts a hydoxyethyl group from HETTP and untimately transfers an acetyl group to CoA to make acetyl-CoA. Slide 10, lecture 27.