Unit 5 Nuclear Chemistry, Acids and Bases

In which type of reaction do two lighter nuclei combine to form one heavier nucleus?

• nuclear fission

• nuclear fusion

• combustion

• reduction

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

The diagram shows a nuclear reaction. Which type of reaction is shown in the diagram?

• fusion, because the reaction released energy

• fission, because the reaction absorbed energy

• fusion, because the reaction formed heavier nuclei

• fission, because the reaction formed lighter nuclei

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The half-life for a 100-gram sample of radioactive element X is 5 days. How much of element X remains after 10 days have passed?

• 25 g

• 50 g

• 75 g

• 100 g

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The graph shows the radioactive decay rate of iodine-131. Based on the graph, what is the half-life of iodine-131?

• 24 days

• 16 days

• 8 days

• 4 days

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Plutonium-239 is a radioactive isotope commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors. The half-life of plutonium-239 is 24,100 years. About how long would it take 504 grams of plutonium-239 to decay until there were only 63 grams plutonium-239 left?

• 24,100 years

• 48,200 years

• 72,300 years

• 96,400 years

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The graph shows the range of amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) given off to produce one kilowatt/hour for different methods of electricity production. How does the amount of carbon dioxide given off by nuclear power compare with the amount of carbon dioxide produced by other sources of energy?

• Nuclear power produces the second lowest amount of carbon dioxide in the graph.

• Nuclear power produces the second highest amount of carbon dioxide in the graph.

• Nuclear power produces less carbon dioxide than all other sources of power in the graph.

• Nuclear power produces more carbon dioxide than all other sources of power in the graph.

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Compared to the energy released per gram during a typical chemical reaction, which of the following best describes the amount of energy released per gram during the decay of a radioisotope?

• It is less.

• It is about the same.

• It is a little more.

• It is much greater.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

What is the biggest disadvantage of using nuclear power to produce electricity?

• Nuclear fission releases more air pollution than burning coal.

• Nuclear fission produces less energy than burning coal or oil.

• Nuclear waste must be safely stored for many years.

• Nuclear waste must be incinerated.

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Which radioactive isotope is used to generate energy in nuclear reactors?

• carbon-14

• iodine-131

• potassium-40

• uranium-235

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What is an advantage of a nuclear-fission reactor?

• The nuclear waste generated has a very long half-life.

• The products of fission reactions are often radioactive isotopes.

• The power plants are only expensive if they require radiation shielding.

• A large amount of energy can be produced from a small amount of uranium.

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