Para que é conhecido Auguste Comte no campo da sociologia?

• Desenvolver a teoria da evolução

• Fundar a disciplina da sociologia

• Criar o conceito de comunismo

• Inventar a máquina a vapor

Answer explanation

Auguste Comte is known for founding the discipline of sociology, establishing it as a distinct field of study focused on society and social behavior, unlike the other options which pertain to different subjects.

Qual termo Émile Durkheim usou para descrever as normas, valores e estruturas da sociedade?

• Ações sociais

• Fatos sociais

• Luta de classes

• Individualismo

Answer explanation

Émile Durkheim used the term 'social facts' to refer to the norms, values, and structures that shape society. This concept emphasizes the collective aspects of social life that influence individual behavior.

Qual é o foco principal da teoria de Karl Marx na sociologia?

• Fatos sociais

• Luta de classes

• Ação social

• Individualismo

Answer explanation

Karl Marx's theory in sociology primarily focuses on class struggle, which he views as the driving force of social change and conflict. This concept highlights the tensions between different social classes in society.

Max Weber é mais conhecido por sua teoria de:

• Fatos sociais

• Luta de classes

• Ação social

• Coletivismo

Answer explanation

Max Weber is best known for his theory of social action, which emphasizes the importance of individual actions and the meanings behind them in understanding social behavior, distinguishing his work from other theories like class struggle.

Em que Auguste Comte acreditava que a sociologia deveria se basear?

• Religião

• Princípios científicos

• Poder político

• Teorias econômicas

Answer explanation

Auguste Comte believed sociology should be based on scientific principles, emphasizing the importance of empirical observation and rational analysis to understand social phenomena, rather than relying on religion or political power.

De acordo com Émile Durkheim, o que mantém a sociedade unida?

• Luta de classes

• Fatos sociais

• Desejos individuais

• Poder econômico

Answer explanation

According to Émile Durkheim, social facts are the norms, values, and structures that shape society and hold it together. They provide the framework within which individuals interact, making 'social facts' the correct answer.

Karl Marx acreditava que a história é principalmente uma história de:

• Fatos sociais

• Lutas de classes

• Crenças religiosas

• Descobertas científicas

Answer explanation

Karl Marx argued that history is fundamentally shaped by class struggles, emphasizing the conflicts between different social classes as the driving force of historical development.

O conceito de ação social de Max Weber enfatiza:

• Poder econômico

• Motivações individuais

• Luta de classes

• Fatos sociais

Answer explanation

Max Weber's concept of social action focuses on understanding the meanings and motivations behind individual actions, making 'Individual motivations' the correct choice. This highlights the subjective nature of social behavior.

Qual das seguintes opções descreve melhor o desenvolvimento histórico da sociologia?

• Começou na Grécia antiga

• Emergiu durante o Iluminismo

• Começou no século 20

• Foi desenvolvida pelos romanos

Answer explanation

Sociology emerged during the Enlightenment as thinkers like Auguste Comte sought to understand society through reason and scientific methods, marking its development as a distinct discipline.

Qual é a principal diferença entre individualismo e coletivismo?

• O individualismo foca no grupo, enquanto o coletivismo foca no indivíduo

• O individualismo enfatiza objetivos pessoais, enquanto o coletivismo enfatiza objetivos de grupo

• Ambos focam nos mesmos princípios

• O coletivismo é sobre liberdade pessoal, enquanto o individualismo é sobre controle do grupo

Answer explanation

The main difference is that individualism emphasizes personal goals and autonomy, while collectivism prioritizes group goals and community well-being. This distinction highlights the contrasting values of each ideology.