Scientific Models and Atomic Theory

What is the primary purpose of a scientific model?

• To serve as a final explanation of phenomena

• To provide a physical representation of phenomena

• To predict and explain how phenomena work

• To replace scientific theories

How did Einstein improve upon Newton's model of gravity?

• By proposing that objects warp spacetime

• By introducing the concept of gravitational waves

• By suggesting that gravity is a force between masses

• By stating that gravity is an illusion

Which model of the atom was developed after the discovery of the nucleus?

• Dalton's model

• Rutherford's model

• Bohr's model

• Quantum mechanical model

What led to the development of the Bohr model?

• The discovery of the electron

• The invention of the microscope

• Spectral data indicating electrons are in orbits

• The discovery of the neutron

What is ionization energy?

• The energy required to add an electron to an atom

• The energy released when an atom forms a bond

• The energy required to split an atom

• The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

Why did the Bohr model need to be updated?

• It could not explain the behavior of protons

• It failed to account for electron repulsion and subshells

• It was too complex for practical use

• It did not include the concept of neutrons

What is the significance of subshells in the quantum mechanical model?

• They determine the color of an atom

• They explain the shielding effect and electron repulsion

• They are irrelevant to atomic structure

• They are used to predict atomic mass

How does the quantum mechanical model differ from the Bohr model?

• It introduces the idea of electron clouds and orbitals

• It focuses solely on the nucleus

• It eliminates the concept of energy levels

• It includes the concept of atomic mass

What is the role of data in developing scientific models?

• Data is irrelevant to model development

• Data is used to confirm existing models without change

• Data is only used in theoretical models

• Data helps refine and update models

What can be expected in the future regarding atomic models?

• They will become less important in science

• They will remain unchanged

• They will be replaced by a single, final model

• They will continue to evolve with new data