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What is a natural disaster?

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A natural disaster is a catastrophic event that occurs due to natural processes of the Earth, causing significant damage, destruction, and loss of life.

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What are some common types of natural disasters?

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Common types of natural disasters include earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, and wildfires.

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What is the role of tectonic plates in natural disasters?

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Tectonic plates are large sections of the Earth's crust that move and shift, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity, especially along plate boundaries.

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What is a seismograph?

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A seismograph is an instrument used to measure and record the intensity, duration, and frequency of seismic waves produced by earthquakes.

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What is the safest building design in earthquake-prone areas?

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A good engineering design for buildings in earthquake-prone areas often includes features like a low center of gravity, flexible materials, and a simple shape, such as only one floor.

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How do volcanic eruptions occur?

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Volcanic eruptions occur when there is an increase in pressure from magma beneath the Earth's surface, leading to the release of gases and molten rock.

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What materials are safest for building near a volcano?

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Stone is considered one of the safest materials for building houses near a volcano due to its durability and resistance to heat.

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What is the difference between a natural disaster and a natural hazard?

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A natural hazard is a potential threat (like an earthquake or flood), while a natural disaster is the actual event that causes damage and destruction.

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What are the primary causes of earthquakes?

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The primary causes of earthquakes include tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, and human activities such as mining or reservoir-induced seismicity.

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What is the significance of the Richter scale?

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The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes, indicating the amount of energy released.