Quiz 3 (Refining & Modification)

What is the primary purpose of refining crude fats and oils?

• To add phospholipids

• To improve shelf life

• To remove impurities

• To increase viscosity

Which of the following is used in chemical refining to neutralize free fatty acids (FFAs)?

• Phosphoric acid

• Caustic soda

• Bleaching earth

• Hydrogen gas

What does water degumming primarily aim to remove from crude vegetable oils?

• Free fatty acids

• Phospholipids

• Waxes

• Trace metals

Which method uses enzymes to break down phospholipids during refining?

• Physical refining

• Chemical refining

• Enzymatic degumming

• Acid degumming

What is the main function of bleaching in the oil refining process?

• To increase oil viscosity

• To remove color pigments and impurities

• To convert liquid oil to solid form

• To remove phospholipids

What process involves cooling oil to crystallize and remove waxes?

• Fractionation

• Winterization (Dewaxing)

• Hydrogenation

• Bleaching

Deodorization in oil refining primarily removes:

• Odoriferous volatile compounds

• Non-hydratable phospholipids

• Free fatty acids through neutralization

• Trace metals using clays

The purpose of hydrogenation is to:

• Increase the unsaturated fatty acid content

• Increase the melting point of oils

• Convert saturated fats to unsaturated fats

• Remove free fatty acids

Which catalyst is commonly used in the hydrogenation process?

• Sodium methoxide

• Nickel

• Bleaching earth

• Phospholipase A

What is the main advantage of interesterification in fat modification?

• Reducing oil impurities

• Modifying melting point and texture of fats

• Removing phospholipids

• Increasing solid content in oils