What might philosophy help reveal when comparing different arguments?

Simple answers to complex questions

New facts that solve all issues

An argument in philosophy is:

A search for definitive answers

Which of the following statements best describes the main characteristic of Western philosophy?

It emphasizes the use of logic, reason, and rational inquiry to understand the world.

It focuses on spiritual enlightenment through meditation and introspection.

It seeks to merge the individual’s thoughts with the collective consciousness.

It stresses the importance of emotions over reason in decision-making.

According to Western philosophy, why is only man considered capable of ethics?

Humans have the ability to reflect on their actions and make moral decisions.

Humans are the only beings that can express emotions.

Humans are naturally good and do not need ethics.

Humans are governed solely by divine laws and have no freedom of choice.

Plato’s concept of ‘Eudaimonia’ refers to:

The state of having complete happiness and fulfillment in life.

The physical world of material objects.

The separation of body and soul.

The acquisition of wealth and status.

According to Plato, what is the role of beauty in our understanding of the good life?

Beauty helps us understand essential qualities such as harmony, balance, and peace.

Beauty is irrelevant to a meaningful life.

Beauty distracts from the pursuit of knowledge.

Beauty is simply a matter of personal preference.

According to Aristotle’s hylomorphic theory, the self is:

The union of body and soul, inseparably connected.

The sum of one’s material possessions and external achievements.

The product of one’s social status and political influence.

The collection of intellectual ideas and knowledge.

In Plato’s philosophy, what is the importance of love and relationships in the pursuit of a fulfilled life?

True love helps individuals grow by helping them become more virtuous.

Love should be avoided to prevent emotional distractions.

Relationships are only important for procreation.

Love is irrelevant in the search for knowledge.

Which of the following reflects Aristotle’s view of humans as "political beings"?

Humans must engage in politics and governance to achieve true happiness.

Politics is unnecessary for personal fulfillment and ethical living.

Humans should live apart from society to cultivate their ethical nature.

D. Humans achieve happiness through isolation and self-reliance.

What was the primary philosophical endeavor during the medieval period?

To understand political theories

To question the nature of reality

How did Christian Philosophy impact the Western and Eastern Roman Empires?

It clashed with Classical Greek Philosophy.

It weakened the political power of emperors.

It unified various religious beliefs into one doctrine.

It isolated the empires from other philosophical traditions.

Why is the medieval period referred to as "The Dark Ages"?

Because of a decline in cultural and intellectual achievements

Due to the lack of technological progress

Because of the suppression of scientific thought

Because of the dominance of Christianity

What does St. Augustine’s philosophy suggest about the relationship between the body and soul?

They are separate entities that form the self.

They are indistinguishable from each other.

The body is superior to the soul.

The soul is the physical manifestation of the body.

What was the primary focus of John Locke’s work in philosophy?

Exploring the limits of human reason

Challenging traditional religious doctrines

Establishing the existence of God

Developing theories of aesthetics

What is a central idea in Idealism according to philosophical thought?

Reality is primarily mental or spiritual in nature.

Reality is constructed purely from physical matter.

Knowledge can only be verified through observation.

Truth is determined solely by logical reasoning.

What was the central idea of Deontology in the context of ethical theory?

Moral decisions rely on reason, not consequences.

Morality is based on the consequences of actions.

Ethical decisions are subjective and based on personal beliefs.

Moral rules are unimportant if they do not lead to happiness.

In Confucianism, what is considered essential for developing a just society?

Education and the pursuit of knowledge

According to Taoism, what do Yin and Yang represent?

Complementary and interconnected opposing forces

The division between the physical and spiritual realms

The balance of emotions and thoughts

The mental state needed for meditation

In Buddhism, what is the ultimate goal of following the Eightfold Path?

Attaining Nirvana and ending suffering

Finding the perfect balance of emotions

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

Nirodha (cessation of suffering)

What is the primary focus of Zen Buddhism?

Textual study and intellectual analysis

Ethical conduct and social justice

Which of the following is an example of positive ignorance?

A doctor’s unawareness of professional ethics

A child’s lack of understanding of a lawyer's duties

A person's lack of knowledge about a country's history

A student's ignorance of classroom etiquette

In which situation would fear NOT lessen voluntariness?

When an individual, through fear, chooses the lesser evil

When fear results in panic and hasty decisions

When fear compels someone to make an irrational decision

When the fear is so overwhelming that it eliminates rational deliberation

What distinguishes voluntary actions from involuntary ones?

The choice made with knowledge of the end

The presence of external constraints

The involvement of physical force

The emotional intensity involved in the act

Which of the following is true regarding the concept of habit in human acts?

A person’s awareness of a habit makes the actions voluntary and imputable

Habit destroys voluntariness and makes actions involuntary

Actions performed through habit are always involuntary, even if the person is aware of them

Habit makes actions purely mechanical and devoid of moral responsibility

Which of the following is a scenario where an act performed under fear is voluntary?

A person chooses to endure hardship in order to protect others from harm

A person, afraid of being fired, reluctantly agrees to unethical behavior at work

A person runs away from danger without considering the consequences

A person makes a decision based on irrational fear and panic

How does the Filipino concept of "Hiya" influence social behavior?

Promotes a sense of shame to maintain social harmony

Encourages open criticism of others

Celebrates individual achievements over collective success

Ensures individuals always act in self-interest

"Bayanihan" reflects which aspect of Filipino culture?

Cooperation and helping others in times of need

Prioritizing personal success over community well-being

Celebrating individual accomplishments

Fostering competition for betterment

Filipino hospitality is best exemplified by which of the following actions?

Sharing food and making guests feel welcome

Giving away personal possessions without hesitation

Always prioritizing one's own needs over others

According to Mamawal's theory, what role does the family play in moral character development?

It is the primary agent where values and behaviors are first learned.

It serves as a secondary influence in shaping an individual’s values.

It contributes minimally to the development of moral behavior.

It emphasizes peer influence over individual choice.

You are tasked with leading a community project to resolve conflicts between two opposing groups. Drawing from the concept of Yin and Yang in Taoism, which approach would most effectively promote harmony?

Highlight shared strengths to create balance.

Focus on resolving the concerns of one group over the other.

Enforce strict rules to minimize differences.

Promote healthy competition to strengthen unity.

A newly elected leader is struggling to gain the trust of the people. Based on the principles of the Mandate of Heaven in Confucianism, what should the leader prioritize to ensure legitimacy?

Act justly and address public needs.

Strengthen control to maintain peace.

Implement strict laws for better order.

Build alliances with influential figures.

Sarah is a professional nurse, and during her shift, she is asked by her supervisor to administer medication to a patient. Sarah notices the dosage seems unusually high and double-checks the prescription. After verifying, she finds it was a clerical error that could have harmed the patient. Sarah corrects the dosage and administers the proper amount. Which aspect of human acts is most demonstrated by Sarah's decision?

Freedom, as Sarah chose to act carefully

Ignorance, as Sarah initially lacked full knowledge

Passions, as Sarah’s emotions led her to act quickly

Violence, as Sarah was under pressure to obey her supervisor

John is walking home late at night when a stranger approaches him and demands his wallet at knifepoint. Fearing for his safety, John hands over the wallet to avoid harm. How would John’s act of giving the wallet be classified based on the principles of human acts?

Voluntary but affected by fear, reducing moral weight

Voluntary, as John gave the wallet deliberately

Involuntary, as John acted under external force

Fully free, as John decided to avoid danger

Maria, living abroad, was invited to her Filipino neighbors’ gathering. Despite being tired, she attended and brought food. What Filipino value does this reflect?

Kapwa – Strengthening shared identity with neighbors.

Hiya – Avoiding embarrassment by not declining.

Bayanihan – Helping others during gatherings.

Utang na Loob – Returning a favor to her neighbors.

Jose, a student, chose studying over helping with a group project, prioritizing personal goals. This decision shows a lack of which value?

Pakikisama – Focusing on group harmony.

Hiya – Avoiding shame from not helping.

Utang na Loob – Failing to repay classmates’ help.

Bayanihan – Not assisting the group effort.

ETHICS MIDTERM CTU

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ETHICS MIDTERM CTU

60 questions

What is the primary purpose of philosophy, according to the text?

According to the text, how does philosophy benefit individuals in daily life?

The text mentions a philosophical debate about fairness. What is the opposing viewpoint regarding helping those who are disadvantaged?

Which branch of philosophy focuses on the structure of arguments and validity?

What does ethics primarily study?

When making ethical decisions, we sometimes weigh our actions against:

Which branch of philosophy explores questions about existence, identity, and the nature of reality?

Socrates argued that a "life without reflection" is:

What might philosophy help reveal when comparing different arguments?

An argument in philosophy is:

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