CFA #2 - Chapters 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

Cells use a molecule called __​ (a)   __to store and release energy like a battery. The energy is stored in chemical bonds between ( nucleotide / oxygen / phosphate / ribose ) groups of the molecule, and the energy is released when the chemical bonds are broken.

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP
• CMP

Cells use a molecule called ( DNA / RNA / ATP / CMP ) to store and release energy like a battery. The energy is stored in chemical bonds between __​ (a)   __ groups of the molecule, and the energy is released when the chemical bonds are broken.

• nucleotide
• oxygen
• phosphate
• ribose

Plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of sunlight in the process of __​ (a)   __ . The process converts the energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of ( carbon dioxide / carbohydrates / proteins / water molecules ) .

• herbivory
• respiration
• photoperiodism
• photosynthesis

Plants, algae, and some bacteria use the energy of sunlight in the process of ( herbivory / respiration / photoperiodism / photosynthesis ) . The process converts the energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of __​ (a)   __.

• carbon dioxide
• carbohydrates
• proteins
• water molecules

The diagram shows the molecular structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Which of these events occurs during the normal function of ATP in the cell?

• A chemical bond forms between the adenine unit and the third phosphate group.
• The chemical bond breaks between the adenine and ribose units.
• The chemical bond breaks between the ribose unit and the first phosphate group.
• The chemical bond breaks between the second and third phosphate groups.

Which statement best describes the relationship between adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

• With an input of energy, ADP rearranges to become ATP.
• Without any energy change, ADP rearranges to become ATP.
• With an input of energy, ADP combines with a phosphate group to become ATP.
• With a release of energy, ADP combines with a phosphate group to become ATP.

Chloe is developing a model of photosynthesis. The first part of the model is shown below. Which would be the MOST useful next step for Chloe to develop the photosynthesis model further?

• Extend the lines for sunlight so that they pass through the autotroph.
• Represent a chemical reaction in the autotroph that produces high-energy carbohydrates.
• Represent a chemical reaction in the autotroph that produces high-energy proteins.
• Draw a circle to represent a heterotroph, and draw a line to connect it to the autotroph. _______

A mushroom gains its energy by decomposing the tissues of dead organisms. Should mushrooms be classified as autotrophs, heterotrophs, in both groups, or in neither group, and for what reason?

• They are autotrophs because they do not eat their food, as animals do.
• They are autotrophs because decomposition is very similar to photosynthesis.
• They are heterotrophs because their food is made by other organisms.
• They are both autotrophs and heterotrophs, because they may grow in sunlight or darkness.

Neurons are cells of the nervous system. As part of its normal function, a neuron pumps sodium ions (Na + ) out of the cell and potassium ions (K + ) into the cell. Which statement describes the role of energy in this process?

• The process releases energy that is used to make ATP.
• The process releases energy in the form of heat.
• The process requires energy that is provided by the sodium and potassium ions.
• The process requires energy that is provided by ATP.

During photosynthesis, cells capture the energy of sunlight using ( thylakoid / stroma / NADPH / chlorophyll ) , which is a type of __​ (a)   __ . Photosynthesis also relies on a compound called ( ATP synthase / NADP + / glucose / DNA ) , which is an electron ( sink / source / carrier / donor ) that accepts and transfers high-energy electrons.

• nucleotide
• carbohydrate
• hormone
• pigment