In 1963, Henry Littlefield proposed that 'The Wizard of Oz' was an allegory for the Gilded Age, linking characters and events in the story to historical figures and issues. His theory gained traction, with scholars finding more connections, such as Dorothy's journey symbolizing the Populist movement. The theory became widely accepted, though debates about Baum's true intent continue. Some argue the book celebrates urban consumer culture. Regardless of Baum's intentions, the story remains a significant American fairytale.

What inspired Henry Littlefield to connect 'The Wizard of Oz' with The Gilded Age?

• A lecture he attended

• A book he read to his daughters

• A conversation with a colleague

• A documentary he watched

In Littlefield's interpretation, what do Dorothy's silver shoes symbolize?

• The Emerald City

• The gold standard

• The silver standard

• The ruby slippers

According to Littlefield, who does the Scarecrow represent in 'The Wizard of Oz'?

• The farmer

• The urban elite

• The industrial worker

• The common people

What does the Cowardly Lion symbolize in Littlefield's analysis?

• The Witch of the East

• The People's Party

• The Populist movement

• William Jennings Bryan

Which political movement does Littlefield associate with the characters' journey in 'The Wizard of Oz'?

• The Civil Rights Movement

• The Labor Movement

• The Populist Movement

• The Women's Suffrage Movement

What additional interpretation did other scholars suggest about Dorothy's dog Toto?

• He is a metaphor for the industrial worker

• He stands for the urban elite

• He symbolizes the teetotalers

• He represents the gold standard

By the 1980s, how was Littlefield's theory regarded in American history textbooks?

• It was considered controversial

• It was completely dismissed

• It was widely accepted

• It was largely ignored

What is one alternative interpretation of 'The Wizard of Oz' mentioned in the transcript?

• A story about environmentalism

• A celebration of urban consumer culture

• A tale of personal growth

• A critique of European culture

What does historian William Leach argue about the Emerald City?

• It represents the gold standard

• It stands for the industrial revolution

• It symbolizes the new urban America

• It is a metaphor for the Populist movement

What was L. Frank Baum's stated intention for writing 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'?

• To create a political allegory

• To write a European folk tale

• To craft an American children's story

• To critique American capitalism