Amino Acids Metabolism

Briefly explain amino acids degradation

• Amino acids degradation is the process of breaking down amino acids into simpler compounds, primarily through deamination.
• Amino acids degradation is the process of storing amino acids for future use.
• Amino acids degradation involves the conversion of carbohydrates into amino acids.
• Amino acids degradation is the process of synthesizing new proteins.

Briefly explain transamination & oxidative deamination

• Transamination is the process of synthesizing glucose from fatty acids.
• Transamination is the transfer of an amino group to form new amino acids; oxidative deamination is the removal of an amino group, producing ammonia and a keto acid.
• Oxidative deamination involves the addition of an amino group to a fatty acid.
• Transamination is the breakdown of proteins into simple sugars.

Briefly explain urea cycle

• The urea cycle is responsible for fat metabolism in the liver.
• The urea cycle breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• The urea cycle converts ammonia into urea in the liver.
• The urea cycle produces glucose in the kidneys.

Briefly explain formation of bile pigment

• Bile pigment is produced in the pancreas from dietary fats.
• Bile pigment is synthesized in the kidneys from urea.
• Bile pigment is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, converting it first to biliverdin and then to bilirubin.
• Bile pigment is formed from the digestion of carbohydrates in the intestines.

Briefly explain the integration metabolism of amino acids in dietary intake

• Amino acids from dietary intake are absorbed in the small intestine, utilized for protein synthesis, energy production, and converted to urea or other biomolecules.
• Amino acids are synthesized from carbohydrates and fats in the stomach.
• Dietary amino acids are primarily excreted without any metabolic function.
• Amino acids are only stored in the liver and not utilized by the body.

Transamination takes off amine groups from AAs & forms glutamate (ionized glutamate)

• True

• False

Ammonium salts (NH4+) are toxic compounds.

• True

• False

The carbonyl group of urea is derived from CO2.

• True

• False

Glutamate dehydrogenase [GluDH] will reversibly convert glutamate to α-ketoglutarate.

• True

• False

Essential AAs can be made by plants & bacteria.

• True

• False