Labelling and crime

What does the term "deviance" refer to in sociology?

• Behavior that violates social norms

• Behavior that is always criminal

• Behavior that is universally accepted

• Behavior that is always positive

What does Becker mean by "there is nothing intrinsically normal or deviant about nudity"?

• Nudity is always deviant

• Nudity is always normal

• Nudity's status depends on societal labeling

• Nudity is irrelevant

What does Becker imply about the quality of deviance?

• It is inherent in the act

• It lies in societal reaction

• It is always negative

• It is predetermined

What does Becker's theory suggest about the nature of labeling?

• It is objective

• It is subjective

• It is unnecessary

• It is always accurate

How does Becker's theory challenge traditional views of deviance?

• By ignoring societal influence

• By emphasizing societal reaction

• By focusing on legal definitions

• By denying the existence of deviance

What can labelling and the self-fulfilling prophecy lead to, according to Becker?

• A successful career

• A deviant career

• A stable family life

• A healthy lifestyle

What does the self-fulfilling prophecy relate to?

• Achieving personal goals

• Leading to a deviant career

• Building strong relationships

• Gaining financial independence

What is the first step in the creation of a 'criminal' according to the diagram?

• Boy is arrested

• Boy steals sweets

• Boy passes through juvenile system

• Boy is continually referred to as 'offender'

What does the boy's action of stealing sweets lead to in the diagram?

• Boy is continually referred to as 'offender'

• Boy is arrested

• Offender as 'master status'

• Others' continued reaction

What is the role of 'action and reaction' in the diagram?

• It is a legal process

• It describes the boy's behavior

• It explains the cycle of behavior and response

• It is a psychological term