Topic 4 End: Law of Conservation of Energy

How are variables related to kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy similar and how are they different? Pick the terms, in order, that best complete the statement to answer this question. Kinetic energy is determined by an object's ____. Gravitational potential energy is determined by an object's ____.

• mass and speed; mass only

• mass only; height and mass

• mass and speed; height and mass

• speed only; height only

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Which location in the diagram does the bow have elastic potential energy and which location does the arrow have kinetic energy?

• Elastic potential energy: C; Kinetic energy: B

• Elastic potential energy: A; Kinetic energy: D

• Elastic potential energy: B; Kinetic energy: C

• Elastic potential energy: D; Kinetic energy: A

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You drop a tennis ball to the ground and it bounces back to your hand. When is the elastic energy in the ball that greatest?

• When the ball is released

• Just before the ball hits the ground

• Just before the ball starts to bounce upward

• When the ball returns to your hand

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

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How can you describe the change in energy when a faster bumper car in an amusement park ride runs into a slower bumper car?

• Kinetic energy transforms from one bumper car to another.

• Gravitational potential energy transfers from one bumper car to another.

• Kinetic energy transfers from one bumper car to another.

• Gravitational potential energy transforms from one bumper car to another.

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How can you describe energy in the flashlight when the switch is closed?

• Closing the switch allows chemical potential energy in the battery to transform into electrical energy, which then transforms into light energy.

• Closing the switch allows electrical energy to transform through the wire.

• Closing the switch allows chemical potential energy in the battery to transfer into electrical energy, which then transforms into light energy.

Look at this image of two battery-operated toy cars that were built by students. One car has one battery and the other car has two batteries. Which of the following statements is true about the distance the two cars will travel?

• The car with two batteries will travel farther because it has more mass, so it resists change in speed.

• The car with two batteries will travel farther because it has more mass and more chemical energy to transform into more kinetic energy.

• The car with one battery will travel farther because it has less mass, so the chemical energy can be transformed into more kinetic energy.

• The car with one battery will travel farther because the chemical energy can be transformed into more speed.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

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People climb into inflated tubes at the top of a water park ride. They then ride on a steep flow of water to the bottom of the ride. How can you describe the change in energy of the tubes from the top to the bottom of the ride?

• All of the gravitational potential energy transforms into kinetic energy.

• All of the kinetic energy transforms into gravitational potential energy.

• Some of the gravitational potential energy transfers into kinetic energy.

• Some of the kinetic energy transfers into gravitational potential energy.

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The kinetic energy from an earthquake transfers underneath Earth’s surface by ____ waves.

• longitudinal

• transverse

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Which is an example of an energy transformation from chemical to electrical to light energy?

• A bolt of lightning causing thunder

• A candle lighting up a room

• A campfire warming up and illuminating an area

• A battery causing a flashlight to shine

At what point will the roller coaster car have transformed the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

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