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What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

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Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

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What is a plasmid?

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A plasmid is a circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can hold foreign genes.

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What are sticky ends in the context of DNA?

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Sticky ends are the unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes, allowing for the joining of DNA fragments.

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In a forensic investigation, how can DNA samples be used to identify a suspect?

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DNA samples from a crime scene can be compared to the genetic profiles of suspects to determine a match.

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What is recombinant DNA?

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Recombinant DNA is formed when human DNA is inserted into bacterial DNA, often used to produce proteins like insulin.

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What role do restriction enzymes play in recombinant DNA technology?

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Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, creating fragments with sticky or blunt ends for cloning.

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How does PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) contribute to DNA analysis?

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PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences, making it easier to analyze small samples.

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What is the significance of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

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DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

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What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

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A vector is a DNA molecule used to deliver foreign genetic material into a host cell.

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How can recombinant DNA technology be applied in medicine?

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Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce insulin, vaccines, and other therapeutic proteins.