A map showing Europe’s topography would include

• major cities.

• national boundaries.

• mountain ranges.

• trade routes.

Most of Europe’s early cities developed near

• major rivers.

• seacoasts.

• mountains.

• peninsulas.

Which Germanic tribe defeated the last Roman army in Western Europe?

• the Jutes

• the Saxons

• the Huns

• the Franks

What was one step that Charlemagne took to help unite his kingdom?

• He chose a single strong heir to inherit his throne.

• He drove Muslim forces out of Europe.

• He created and supported schools.

• He declared himself head of the Catholic Church.

Charlemagne worked with the Catholic Church to

• defeat the Eastern Orthodox Church.

• spread Christianity to northern Europe.

• convert the Franks to Christianity.

• reunite the eastern and western Roman empires.

Many of the early Viking raids were directed against

• castles guarded by knights.

• wealthy monasteries.

• self-sufficient manors.

• fiefs controlled by vassals.

In addition to being coastal raiders, many Vikings also became

• explorers.

• serfs.

• missionaries.

• knights.

Under the feudal system, what did lords grant to their vassals?

• freedom

• money

• loyalty

• fiefs

What was the main goal of the code of chivalry?

• to train sons of nobles how to fight

• to regulate life on the manor

• to teach knights how to behave honorably

• to increase the power of monarchs

Which group made up the majority of the medieval European population?

• lords

• knights

• vassals

• peasants