During object-oriented design, three models are combined for an effective system. What are these models, and how are they integrated to ensure consistency?

• Functional Model, Dynamic Model, Object Model

• Data Model, Control Model, Class Model

• Functional Model, Structural Model, Deployment Model

• None of the above

Which principle does design optimization often compromise during algorithm development?

• Abstraction

• Encapsulation

• Modularity

• Inheritance

How is control flow managed in an event-driven object-oriented system?

• Using state machines for capturing events and transitions

• Implementing control with if-else conditions

• Relying on global variables for maintaining system state

• Encapsulating control logic within utility functions

When is it more appropriate to use a "Has-A" relationship instead of "Is-A" in inheritance?

• When an object needs to own another object

• When the relationship involves multiple behaviors

• When the classes have distinct hierarchies

• All of the above

What is the purpose of physical packaging in object-oriented systems?

• To deploy software components across distributed systems

• To group reusable classes into libraries or modules

• To optimize memory allocation for object instances

• Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following must be documented to ensure system scalability?

• Design constraints

• Object interaction diagrams

• Justification for chosen algorithms

• All of the above

Why is structured analysis and design considered less flexible compared to object-oriented design?

• It focuses on process rather than data

• It doesn’t model real-world objects effectively

• It lacks support for reusability and extensibility

• All of the above

What is the primary focus of Jackson Structured Development (JSD)?

• Encapsulation and data hiding

• Emphasizing processes over data objects

• Modeling object behavior

• Implementing real-world relationships

How can inheritance and encapsulation be simulated in non-object-oriented languages like C?

• Using function pointers and structures

• Using arrays and global variables

• Using macros and static functions

• None of the above

Consider a Car class in an object-oriented language. Which of the following is the best approach to represent it in a procedural language?

• Use a struct with attributes as fields and methods as separate functions

• Use arrays to store car attributes and functions for operations

• Use global variables and functions to mimic object behavior

• Encapsulate methods into macros