Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A type of mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.

Front

What is mRNA and its role in protein synthesis?

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

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The process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.

Front

What are nitrogen bases?

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The building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) in DNA, and uracil (U) in RNA.

Front

How does the sequence of nitrogen bases affect protein synthesis?

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The sequence determines the order of amino acids in a protein, which affects its structure and function.

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What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins.