Correlation vs. Causation

Front

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Back

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation implies that one variable directly affects the other.

Front

What does a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9 indicate?

Back

A strong positive correlation between the two variables.

Front

What is a scatterplot?

Back

A graphical representation of the relationship between two quantitative variables.

Front

What does a weak negative correlation mean?

Back

As one variable increases, the other variable tends to decrease, but the relationship is not strong.

Front

What is an example of causation?

Back

If it starts raining, the baseball game is delayed.

Front

What is an example of correlation without causation?

Back

Ice cream sales increase as the number of drownings increases, but one does not cause the other.

Front

How can you determine if a relationship is causal?

Back

By conducting experiments or longitudinal studies that control for other variables.

Front

What is the range of possible values for a correlation coefficient?

Back

The range is from -1 to +1.

Front

What does a correlation coefficient of r = -0.5 indicate?

Back

A moderate negative correlation between the two variables.

Front

What is the significance of a correlation coefficient of 0?

Back

It indicates no correlation between the two variables.