AP Biology - Unit 7 Natural Selection and Evolution

Front

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium measure?

Back

Changes in allele frequencies.

Front

What is speciation?

Back

Divergence of two or more species from an existing one.

Front

If 98 out of 200 individuals in a population express the recessive phenotype, what percent of the population would you predict to be heterozygous?

Back

42%.

Front

What is the founder effect?

Back

The establishment of a genetically unique population through genetic drift.

Front

What is adaptive radiation?

Back

The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.

Front

What are the five conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Back

1. Large population size, 2. No mutations, 3. No migration, 4. Random mating, 5. No natural selection.

Front

What is genetic drift?

Back

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.

Front

What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

Back

Allopatric speciation occurs due to geographic isolation, while sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation.

Front

What is natural selection?

Back

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is the role of mutations in evolution?

Back

Mutations introduce new genetic variations, which can be acted upon by natural selection.