AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What role do cyclins play in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are essential for the progression of the cell cycle.

Front

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell division?

Back

CDKs perform the work of cell division by phosphorylating target proteins, which drives the cell cycle forward.

Front

What are plasmodesmata and their function in plant cells?

Back

Plasmodesmata are junctions in the cell wall of plant cells that allow for the exchange of small soluble compounds between neighboring cells.

Front

How does blocking a secondary messenger affect cell signaling?

Back

Blocking a secondary messenger inhibits signal transduction, which deactivates the cellular response to the initial signal.

Front

What triggers the release of glucagon in the body?

Back

Low cellular ATP concentration triggers the release of glucagon, which promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Front

Define the term 'cell cycle'.

Back

The cell cycle is the series of phases that a cell goes through to divide and replicate, including interphase and mitotic phase.

Front

What is the significance of the mitotic phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The mitotic phase is crucial for cell division, where the cell's chromosomes are separated and distributed into two daughter cells.

Front

Explain the relationship between cyclins and CDKs during the cell cycle.

Back

Cyclins bind to CDKs, activating them to phosphorylate target proteins that regulate the cell cycle's progression.

Front

What is the role of secondary messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Secondary messengers amplify the signal from a receptor and help propagate the signal within the cell, leading to a cellular response.

Front

How do plant cells communicate with each other?

Back

Plant cells communicate through plasmodesmata, which allow for the direct exchange of substances between adjacent cells.